EPR制度下新能源汽车闭环供应链的回收成本分担机制研究  

Cost-sharing Mechanism for Closed-loop Supply Chain of New Energy Vehicles under EPR

作　　者：丁军飞 浦徐进 曹雨馨 李静[2] Ding Junfei;Pu Xujin;Cao Yuxin;Li Jing(School of Business,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学商学院,江苏无锡214122 [2]南京理工大学网络空间安全学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2024年第12期257-268,共12页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72271109,72302115);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(JUSRP124047)。

摘　　要：为促进报废新能源汽车的有效回收,从而推动汽车零部件再制造以及动力电池梯次利用,本文基于EPR(extended producer respensibility)制度探讨了新能源汽车闭环供应链最优的回收成本分担机制。建立了由电池供应商、汽车制造商和回收商构成的闭环供应链决策模型,分别研究了无回收成本分担情形、电池供应商分担回收成本情形以及汽车制造商分担回收成本情形,进而探讨了闭环供应链的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。研究发现:随着分担比例的提高,电池供应商分担回收成本情形下,汽车的售价、废旧汽车的回收率、消费者剩余、汽车制造商和闭环供应链的利润、环境效益和社会福利均不变,此时回收成本分担机制仅改变了电池供应商和回收商之间的利润分配;在电池供应商分担回收成本情形下,回收商的利润反而随着电池供应商分担比例的提高而降低;综合闭环供应链成员的利润、消费者、环境和社会福利来看,与电池供应商相比,汽车制造商应该分担回收成本。With the advance of manufacturing and new energy technology,new energy vehicles are trusted by consumers for their energy-saving and environmental protection characteristics.Due to policy and technological support,the global sales of new energy vehicles are gradually increasing.Although new energy vehicles have many advantages for consumers and the environment,the rapidly increasing number of new energy vehicles and their core component,power batteries,have also brought many challenges.At present,the lifespan of the first batch of new energy vehicles is approaching its end.A large number of scrapped new energy vehicles and retired power batteries not only cause waste of resources,but also pose certain environmental hazards.However,the large-scale waste disposal also contains huge business opportunities.On the one hand,although new energy vehicles have reached the end of their lifespan,some components still have high reuse value,such as motors,high-voltage wiring harnesses,and transmissions.On the other hand,retired power batteries still have a capac⁃ity of 70%to 80%,and cascading utilization can still play an important value.To promote the effective recycling of end-of-life new energy vehicles,thereby promoting the remanufacturing of key components and the echelon utilization of power batteries,the optimal cost-sharing mechanism for a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)of new energy vehicles is explored based on extended producer responsibility(EPR).The decisionmaking CLSC model,composed of a battery supplier,an automobile manufacturer and a collector,is established,and then the scenarios of no cost sharing,the supplier sharing cost and the manufacturer sharing cost are investigated.Subsequently,the economic,environmental and social benefits of the CLSC are studied.The results show that,with the increase of cost-sharing proportion,the selling price of unit vehicle,the recovery rate of end-of-life vehicles,consumer surplus,the profits of the manufacturer and the CLSC,the environmental benefits and the social welfare

关 键 词：新能源汽车 回收成本分担 闭环供应链 EPR制度 

分 类 号：F252[经济管理—国民经济]