基于STM32单片机的无刷直流电机自动化控制系统  

Automatic control system of brushless DC motor based on STM32 microcontroller

作　　者：陈志刚[1] 高冰 CHEN Zhigang;GAO Bing(School of Science,Heilongjiang Institute of Technology,Harbin 150050,China;State Grid Harbin Electric Power Supply Company,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江工程学院理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150050 [2]国网哈尔滨供电公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《电子设计工程》2025年第3期58-62,共5页Electronic Design Engineering

摘　　要：针对无刷直流电机在负载突变工况中易出现电流异常、转速失调状态,电机不能自动化调节控制这一问题,设计了基于STM32单片机的无刷直流电机自动化控制系统。系统由三电阻电流采样电路采集电机运行电流信号,由单片机STM32进行对比分析,若该电流大于金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的阈值,自动中断脉宽调制信号输出;使用霍尔转子位置检测电路采集电机转子位置数据,计算转子位置、转速数据,与期望转速比较后,若电机转速处于非理想状态,采用模糊自适应分数阶PID控制器自动调节无刷直流电机转速。实验验证,所设计系统在负载突变工况下表现出色,相电流保持正弦波状态,未出现突变问题;且可快速、自动调节电机转速,以达到期望转速,电机转矩波动也被控制在合理范围内。In order to solve the problem that the brushless DC motor is prone to abnormal current and speed imbalance when the load changes suddenly,and the motor cannot be automatically adjusted and controlled,an automatic control system of brushless DC motor based on STM32 single chip microcomputer is designed.The system uses a three-resistor current sampling circuit to collect the motor running current signal,which is compared and analyzed by a single chip microcomputer STM32.If the current is greater than the threshold of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor,the output of the pulse width modulation signal is automatically interrupted.Hall rotor position detection circuit is used to collect motor rotor position data and calculate rotor position and speed data.After comparing with the expected speed,if the motor speed is in a non-ideal state,fuzzy adaptive fractional PID controller is used to automatically adjust the speed of brushless DC motor.The experimental results show that the designed system performs well under the condition of sudden load change,and the phase current keeps sine wave state without sudden change.And that motor speed can be quickly and automatically adjust to match the expected speed,and the motor torque fluctuation is also control within a reasonable range.

关 键 词：单片机STM32 无刷直流电机 自动化控制 模糊自适应分数阶控制器 转速调节 电流检测 

分 类 号：TN609[电子电信—电路与系统]