西周凤雏宫室与西周尺度  

The Fengchu Palace Complex and the Length of the Ruler in the Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：曲安京[1,2] 杨茗铄 郭帅帅 孙成毅 QU Anjing;YANG Mingshuo;GUO Shuaishuai;SUN Chengyi(Institute for Advanced Study in History of Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage and Digital Humanities,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学科学史高等研究院,西安710127 [2]陕西省文化遗产数字人文重点实验室,西安710127

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第4期576-588,F0002,共14页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历法史”(项目编号:22&ZD221);陕西省重点研发计划项目“数字化文化资源平台的智能分析与利用研究”(项目编号:2019ZDLGY17-03)。

摘　　要：西周时期标准尺长的具体数值,由于缺乏实物的验证,学界尚无定论。西周凤雏甲组宫室形制规整,是首次发现的大型西周宫室建筑遗址。通过以陕西岐山凤雏甲组宫室建筑基址(凤雏宫室)作为西周王室建筑的标准器,尝试推断西周时期的基本尺度。运用数理考古方法,根据考古发掘数据,通过数学建模,复原凤雏宫室的设计蓝图,发现凤雏宫室的立体布局中不仅多处采用了“三天两地”的比例关系,而且整体平面结构中蕴含了“三圆三方”的宇宙模型。据此推断西周时期的基本尺度:1步为8尺,1尺为19.87厘米,与前人推测1周尺约为19.9厘米的结论相吻合。Due to the lack of physical verification,research on the Western Zhou Dynasty's Chi unit has not reached a precise conclusion.The Fengchu Palace Complex,located in Qishan,Shaanxi province,with its regular shape and good preservation,is the first large-scale palace site discovered from the Western Zhou Dynasty.This study attempts to employ the Fengchu Palace Complex as a standard reference for the Western Zhou Dynasty,and thus deduces the fundamental unit of measurement during that era.Based on the analysis of the archaeological data,using mathematically archaeological methods,we can restore its design model.These results show that the architectural structure of the Fengchu Palace Complex not only reflects the proportional relationship of threeheaven and two-earth in various aspects but also resonates perfectly with the ancient Chinese cosmological model of three-circle and three-square.Consequently,we can infer the basic unit of length in the Western Zhou Dynasty:1 chi=19.87 cm,1 step=8 chi.

关 键 词：西周尺度 凤雏宫室 三圆三方 数理考古 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]