兆域图与战国中山王陵  

The Mega Domain Diagram and the Zhongshan King's Mausoleum in the Warring States Period

作　　者：李威[1,2] 曲安京 刘迪[1,2] LI Wei;QU Anjing;LIU Di(Institute for Advanced Study in the History of Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage and Digital Humanities,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学科学史高等研究院,西安710127 [2]陕西省文化遗产数字人文重点实验室,西安710127

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第4期601-613,F0002,共14页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历法史”(项目编号:22&ZD221);陕西省重点研发计划项目“数字化文化资源平台的智能分析与利用研究”(项目编号:2019ZDLGY17-03)。

摘　　要：兆域图被认为是战国中山王陵的设计规划图。前人对兆域图释文的解释,与中山王陵的考古遗存的实际情况不能完全吻合,兆域图释文本身也存在不自洽的地方。结合考古发掘与谷歌地球(Google Earth)实测数据,利用数理考古的方法,论证了前人对兆域图释文的一种校改方案的合理性,在此基础上,证实中山王陵的一号墓(王堂)是以兆域图为设计蓝图建设的,而一号墓旁边仅存的二号墓(哀后堂),不仅位置降低(偏南),而且规模缩小,或是为了凸显王堂的尊崇而对兆域图设计方案的一种修改。兆域图中的五座大墓,蕴含了天圆地方与叁天两地的宇宙模型,体现了礼制建筑的特征。根据兆域图的设计数据与中山王陵的考古数据的对照分析,推导出了战国中山国的尺度单位:1步为5尺,1尺约30.4厘米。The Mega Domain Diagram is considered to be the design plan of the Zhongshan King's mausoleum in the Warring States period.The previous interpretation of the explanatory text on the diagram is not completely consistent with the archaeological remains of the mausoleum,and the explanatory text is not self consistent.By combining archaeological excavation and Google Earth measured data,and using the method of mathematical archaeology,this paper demonstrates the rationality of a previous correction scheme for the diagram's explanatory text.On this basis,it is confirmed that the Wang Tang(Tomb No.1)of the mausoleum was constructed based on the design blueprint of the Diagram,while the only Ai Hou Tang(Tomb No.2)outside the Wang Tang was not only positioned lower(further south),but also reduced in size,which may be a modification of the design scheme of the Diagram to highlight the respect for the Wang Tang.The five tombs in the mega domain map contain the universe models of“round heaven and square earth”and“three-heaven and two-earth”.According to the comparative analysis of the design data of the Diagram and the archaeological data of the mausoleum,the scale unit of the state of Zhongshan in the Warring States period is deduced:one step is 5 feet,and one foot is about 30.4 cm.

关 键 词：中山王陵 兆域图 度量尺度 数理考古 叁天两地 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]