《后汉四分历》改历中的历日排布与历元确定  

Calendar Day Arrangement and Starting Point Determination in the Calendar Epoch in the Reform of the Sifen Calendar in the Eastern Han Dynasty

作　　者：肖尧 XIAO Yao(School of Marxism,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212003,China;Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学科学技术史研究所,镇江212003 [2]清华大学科学史系,北京100084

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第4期654-668,共15页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“汉代天文观测及其与历法的互动”(项目编号:12203026)。

摘　　要：东汉治历者制定历法首重历元,因此了解治历者如何确定历元有助于理解东汉天文学家的制历思想。在史料基础上,重新考察东汉改历的过程,对《后汉四分历》颁行后的历法争论进行分析,指出元和二年(85)历日排布错乱(未按《后汉四分历》推算)的原因是用九道法不用平朔法。在此基础上探究《后汉四分历》历元确定的过程,认为《后汉四分历》的历元是依赖《太初历》历元和交食观测结果才被确定。最后比较《太初历》和《后汉四分历》历元确定的过程,说明交食观测对历法精度提升的重要影响。During the Eastern Han Dynasty,imperial astronomers prioritized the starting point of the calendar.Therefore,knowing how imperial astronomers determined the starting point of the calendar is helpful for us to understand their thoughts of making calendars.Based on the historical data,this paper reexamines the process of the calendar reform in the Eastern Han Dynasty,and analyzes the argument on the calendar after the use of the Sifen calendar in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It points out that the reason for the calendar arrangement disorder in 85 AD is that imperial astronomers used the Jiudao method instead of the uniform syzygy method.On this basis,by exploring the process of determining the starting point of the Sifen calendar,this paper posits that the starting point of the Sifen calendar was determined by relying on the starting point of the Taichu calendar and the observations of eclipses.Finally,a comparison of the process of determining the starting point between the Taichu calendar and the Sifen calendar illustrates that the eclipse observation has an important impact on the accuracy of the calendar.

关 键 词：历元 历日排布 《后汉四分历》 九道法 交食观测 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P1-092[天文地球—天文学]