科学增长点:北京大学高温超导攻关前史研究  

Scientific Growth Point: The History Before the Booming of High-Temperature Superconductivity Research at Peking University

作　　者：邓妙怡 DENG Miaoyi(Department of History of Science,Technology and Medicine&Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院科学技术与医学史系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第4期669-683,共15页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：1986年末铜氧化物高温超导体的发现引起世界性研究热潮,在科学史上呈现出以小时为单位竞争的独特现象。1987年,在党中央的决策下,中国参与到国际高温超导竞争性研究热潮中。北京大学作为高等院校的代表单位,与中国科学院物理研究所一同引领我国的高温超导研究。面临国家攻关的迫切需求,北京大学及时响应,迅速取得居国际前列的研究进展。北京大学在高温超导攻关中的优异表现,背后是数十年高投入低回报的学科坚守与研究支持。通过回顾北京大学超导学科的发展历程,系统研究了其在高温超导热潮来临前的科研体系建设与国际学科发展进程中的研究方向布局,论述了北京大学发展超导学科的战略眼光与攻关储备之间的内在关联,继而探讨迎接科学增长点所需进行的学科发展准备与科学研究所应遵循的发展规律。The discovery of high-temperature superconductors in 1986 sparked a global research boom,which presented a unique competition phenomenon in the history of science.In 1987,China participated in this international competition research of high-temperature superconductivity with strong urgency.Peking University,together with the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,led the high-temperature superconductivity research in China and made a series of outstanding achievements.The excellent responses and performance of Peking University were due to its long-time adherence to exploring low-temperature physics and superconductivity.In this article,the history of the superconductivity research at Peking University is retrospected.Based on that,the construction process of the superconductivity research system is studied.Furthermore,the inherent relationship between Peking University's strategic vision and research reserves on superconductivity is discussed,which may provide enlightenment of the development laws for scientific research.

关 键 词：科学增长点 高温超导 低温物理与技术 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] O4-09[理学—物理]