国家级大数据综合试验区设立与就业增长  

The Construction of National-Level Comprehensive Big Data Pilot Zone and Employment Growth

作　　者：沈坤荣[1] 乔刚 谭睿鹏 SHEN Kun-rong;QIAO Gang;TAN Rui-peng(The School of Business,Nanjing University;School of Economics,Hefei University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]南京大学商学院 [2]合肥工业大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2024年第12期5-23,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长研究”(批准号24&ZD044)。

摘　　要：就业是最基本的民生,要突出就业优先导向,推进多措并举稳就业促增收。本文基于2010—2021年上市公司数据,使用双重差分法,实证考察了国家级大数据综合试验区设立对企业就业的影响及作用机制。研究发现,大数据试验区设立能够有效释放数据要素价值,提升企业就业水平,这一效应在城市层面同样得到了验证。机制检验表明,大数据试验区设立通过新岗位创造、市场扩大和融资约束缓解等渠道提升企业就业水平。进一步分析发现,大数据试验区设立改善了员工福利报酬和企业声誉,吸引了更多劳动力流入。基于就业结构的分析表明,大数据试验区设立对不同经济地位、社会声望职业的就业均有显著的提升效应,也带动了各类教育背景员工就业的增加。本文还使用机器学习方法,比较了政策最优执行规则与实际执行情况,研究表明大数据试验区政策在就业促进方面仍存在较大的优化空间。本文的研究揭示了大数据试验区设立的就业促进效应,为进一步推动大数据技术应用与实现稳就业目标提供了重要的政策启示。Employment is a fundamental aspect of people's livelihoods, impacting individual wellbeing and the healthy development of the economy, with significant implications for national stability.Currently, the complex domestic and international environment, along with unforeseen shocks, presents severe challenges for businesses and worsens the employment outlook. As the digital and real economies become increasingly integrated, the growing digital sector has demonstrated its positive effects on economic growth and employment stability. While existing literature explores the employment impact of emerging technologies, consensus remains lacking. Amid economic downturns and rising employment pressures, it remains urgent to understand how big data technology can unlock data's value and stabilize employment.This study investigates the impact and mechanisms of national-level big data pilot zones on corporate employment, using panel data from Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2021, and employing a Difference-in-Differences(DID) approach. The results show that big data pilot zones significantly enhance corporate employment levels, a finding confirmed at the city level. Mechanism analysis reveals that these zones promote employment growth through new job creation, market expansion, and easing financing constraints. Further analysis indicates that they improve employee welfare and corporate reputation, attracting more labor. Employment structure analysis demonstrates that big data pilot zones improve employment across a variety of economic and social status occupations and boost employment for individuals with diverse educational backgrounds. Lastly, using machine learning techniques, the study compares optimal policy execution with actual outcomes, highlighting the significant potential to improve big data policies' effectiveness in promoting employment.This study emphasizes the importance of fully leveraging the employment-promoting effects of big data pilot zones. To achieve this, it is essential to expand the coverage of

关 键 词：数字经济 国家级大数据综合试验区 就业增长 

分 类 号：F1265[经济管理—世界经济]