国内需求升级、产品组合调整与出口竞争策略  

Domestic Demand Upgrading, Product Mix Adjustment and Export Competition Strategy

作　　者：裴婷 钱学锋[2] PEI Ting;QIAN Xue-feng(College of Economics and Management,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry;School of Business Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业大学经济与管理学院 [2]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2024年第12期117-135,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“数据跨境流动影响企业数字创新的理论机制、量化评估与政策设计研究”(批准号24CJY021)。

摘　　要：虽然本地市场效应表明国内需求规模是一国出口持续增长的动力,但同时从规模与结构视角探究国内需求升级影响企业出口产品组合调整与竞争策略的研究较少。本文将非位似偏好与产品质量阶梯假设纳入多产品企业异质性模型,将总需求分解为需求规模与需求结构,在一般均衡框架下分析国内需求升级对企业出口产品组合的影响,并讨论其中的作用机制和应对策略。研究表明,与企业内基础产品相比,新兴产品的价格与质量更高。因此,面对国内需求规模扩张,企业削减新兴产品,集中生产并出口基础产品,出口时采取“薄利多销”的成本竞争策略;面对国内需求结构升级,企业引入新兴产品种类,扩大出口产品范围,出口时采取“高质高价”的质量竞争策略。进一步的影响机制检验发现,需求规模扩张通过加剧市场竞争和降低出口成本,使企业削减出口范围,获得出口价格优势;需求结构升级通过缓解市场竞争和提高出口质量,使幸存企业引入更多高质量的新兴产品种类,获得出口质量优势。本文利用2000—2014年中国企业微观数据,验证了以上命题。本文研究有助于厘清扩大内需与供给侧结构性改革之间背后的逻辑关系,为依托内需规模性与结构性优势、推动出口促稳提质提供了微观证据和政策启示。Fully leveraging the advantages of China's ultra-large-scale market and the potential of domestic demand has become the key to the construction of a new development pattern of dual circulation. However, most studies analyze the formation of China's comparative advantages from the supply-side perspective, and few scholars have conducted in-depth research on the internal logic and potential relationships between the upgrading of domestic demand and the adjustment of enterprise product mix from the demand-side perspective.This paper incorporates non-homothetic preferences and the product quality ladder assumption into a model of heterogeneous multi-product firms, dissecting domestic demand into demand scale and demand structure. It analyzes the impact of domestic demand upgrading on the export product mix of enterprises within a general equilibrium framework and discusses the mechanisms and strategies involved. Using Chinese firm-product-destination level data from 2000 to 2014, this paper constructs exogenous indicators for demand scale and income demand elasticity to verify the differential impacts of domestic demand upgrading on the adjustment of the export product mix within enterprises. This paper finds that compared to established products within a firm, emerging products have higher prices and quality. Therefore, in response to the expansion of the domestic demand scale, firms adopt cost competition strategies for exports;in response to the upgrading of the domestic demand structure, firms adopt quality competition strategies for exports. The mechanism test reveals that the expansion of demand scale intensifies market competition and reduces export costs, which gives firms an export price advantage;the demand structure upgrading alleviates market competition and improves export quality, granting surviving firms an export quality advantage.The conclusions of this paper indicate that it is necessary to fully utilize the scale and structural advantages of China's domestic demand to stabilize and enhance the qual

关 键 词：非位似偏好 国内需求升级 多产品企业 出口竞争策略 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]