数据要素赋能新质生产力的法律规制路径  

The Legal Regulation Path of Data Elements Empowering New Quality Productive Forces

作　　者：王雪琪 WANG Xueqi(School of Law,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《广东财经大学学报》2024年第6期112-128,共17页Journal of Guangdong University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：陕西省软科学项目(2024ZC-YBXM-185)。

摘　　要：数据已成为新型生产要素融入生产经营活动,是促进新质生产力发展的重要资源。在数据要素赋能新质生产力情景下,呈现出新劳动者数据主体认定范围模糊、新劳动资料技术标准数据格式难以兼容、新劳动对象数据产品产权结构分置困难等法律适用难题。基于实力界定权利、数据交叉属性等理论,借鉴国内外司法判例及管理规范,可形成“法律拟制”数据主体资格、场景数据分类分级认定原则、数据产权两权分离三权分置的法律定位。针对新质生产力新三要素在法律适用中的制约困境,提出数据主体设立模式及权益配置、技术标准数据格式兼容规范以及数据产品产权结构分置的法律完善路径。In recent times,data has emerged as a new factor of production,influencing both production and management activities.It has become a crucial resource in driving the advancement of new quality productive forces.In the context of new quality productive forces empowered by data elements,some problems about the application of laws have arisen.The scope of identification of new labour as data subjects is unclear:the data format of technical standards of new means of labour is incompatible,and the separation of property right structure of data products as new labour objects is complex.Based on the theories of power to define rights and cross-attribute data,as well as on domestic and foreign judicial precedents and management norms,the legal positioning of the"legal fiction"as the data subject qualification,the clarification principle of data classification and grading,and"separation of two rights"and"tripartite allocation"of data property rights are formed.In light of the limitations imposed by the new three elements of new quality productive forces on the application of law,this research puts forward a proposal for the establishment of a data subject and the allocation of rights and interests,seeks to the compatibility norms of data formats of technical standards,and proposes an improved path of laws for the separation of the property structure of data products.

关 键 词：新质生产力 技术标准 数据生产要素 数据产权 法律拟制 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]