美国政府问责局的技术评估经验与特点研究  

A study of the experience and characteristics of technology assessment by the U.S.Government Accountability Office

作　　者：刘小玲[1] 董瑜[1,2] 邓元慧 王保成[1,2] Liu Xiaoling;Dong Yu;Deng Yuanhui;Wang Baocheng(National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Department of Information Resources Management,School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;National Academy of Innovation Strategy,CAST,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院信息资源管理系,北京100190 [3]中国科协创新战略研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《今日科苑》2024年第10期61-72,共12页Modern Science

基　　金：中国科协创新战略研究院科研项目“科技创新评估的前沿理论与方法研究”(项目编号:2023-pgs-02)。

摘　　要：技术评估是帮助决策者了解技术发展趋势、制定技术发展政策的重要途径。美国政府问责局(Government Accountability Office,GAO)是美国国会承担技术评估、为国会提供决策支撑服务的主要机构。本研究系统梳理了GAO在技术评估方面的工作内容、方法和数据、评估流程、评估人才与知识网络,并通过案例分析剖析了量子信息技术等领域的评估目标和问题、评估方法和主要结论等。最后比较了GAO与美国国会前技术评估办公室、国会研究服务局、国会预算办公室、美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院等主要机构技术评估工作的异同和特点,为我国开展关键核心技术和新兴技术等评估提出启示建议。Technology assessment is an important way to help decision makers understand the trend of technology development and formulate technology policies.The Government Accountability Office(GAO)of the U.S.Congress is the main agency that undertakes technology assessment and provides support for the U.S.Congress.The paper systematically analyzed the content,methods,data,process,talents and knowledge network of technology assessment of GAO,and analyzed the objectives,questions,methods and main conclusions of quantum information technology assessment.Finally,the similarities and differences of technology assessment of GAO and former Office of Technology Assessment,Congressional Research Service,Congressional Budget Office,National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine are compared,some suggestions are given for assessing key core technologies and emerging technologies in China.

关 键 词：技术评估 美国政府问责局 评估方法 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]