国内82家医疗机构药品风险管理现状调研  

Investigation on Current Situation of Drug Risk Management in 82 Medical Institutions in China

作　　者：马伟峰[1] 刘青蓝 黄春芝 苏冉 李晓静[1] 刘倩[1] 任艳丽[1] Ma Weifeng;Liu Qinglan;Huang Chunzhi;Su Ran;Li Xiaojing;Liu Qian;Ren Yanli(The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第三附属医院,郑州450052

出　　处：《儿科药学杂志》2025年第1期30-35,共6页Journal of Pediatric Pharmacy

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划(联合共建)项目,编号LHGJ20190406。

摘　　要：目的:了解全国医疗机构药品风险管理现状,为各医疗机构制定相关管理政策提供参考。方法:通过电子问卷的方式,从人口学基本特征、药品风险认知现状、质量流程和风险管理现状、识别药品风险的风险管理行动、安全文化建设情况5个方面进行问卷分析。结果:调查对象来自全国21个省的82家医疗机构。大部分医师、护士和药师自我评价对药品风险知识的认知水平良好。与护士相比,医师和药师选择期刊/杂志和学术会议获取药品风险知识的比例更高,>50%的医护人员认为有必要参加药品风险知识的培训。PDCA循环和品管圈(QCC)是医疗机构常用的质量管理工具,药师在发现问题处方时会优先选择与处方医师直接沟通,二级甲等及以上的医疗机构才开始配备电子审方系统。安全文化建设方面,96.19%的医护人员发生用药差错后会主动上报,84.46%的医疗机构对药品差错采取了惩罚措施,且该百分比在儿童和妇幼专科医院高于综合医院。结论:我国医疗机构药品风险管理现状基本良好,但是药师需要更加重视药品风险知识的培训,医疗机构应重视“非惩罚”文化的建设。Objective:To investigate the current situation of drug risk management in medical institutions nationwide,so as to provide reference for medical institutions to formulate relevant management policies.Methods:By means of electronic questionnaire,the questionnaire analysis was carried out from five aspects:basic characteristics of demography,status quo of drug risk awareness,status quo of quality process and risk management,risk management actions for identification of drug risk,and construction of safety culture.Results:The respondents were from 82 medical institutions in 21 provinces across the country.The majority of clinicians,nurses,and pharmacists identified themselves as having a good level of self-awareness of their knowledge of drug risk.Compared with nurses,the clinicians and pharmacists were more likely to select journals/magazines and academic conferences to acquire knowledge of drug risk,and >50% medical staff considered that it was necessary to participate into training on drug risk knowledge.PDCA cycle and quality control circle(QCC) were commonly used quality management tools in medical institutions.Pharmacists would give priority to direct communication with prescription clinicians when discovering problematic prescriptions,and electronic prescription review systems were only beginning to be available in medical institutions of Grade Ⅱ,Level A and above.With regard to the construction of safety culture,96.19% of medical staff would take the initiative to report medication errors,yet 84.46% of medical institutions still took punitive measures against medication errors,and the proportion was higher in children's hospitals and women and children's specialized hospitals than in general hospitals.Conclusion:The current situation of drug risk management in medical institutions in China is generally good,yet pharmacists need to pay more attention to the training of drug risk knowledge,and medical institutions should pay attention to the construction of a “non-punitive” culture.

关 键 词：医疗机构 药品 风险管理 现状 

分 类 号：R969.3[医药卫生—药理学]