苹果水烂病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选  

Identification of Apple Water Rot Pathogen and Screening of Control Agents

作　　者：石晓燕 石洁 李前进 冯红利 丁毓端 任小林[1] SHI Xiaoyan;SHI Jie;LI Qianjin;FENG Hongli;DING Yuduan;REN Xiaolin(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Yan′an Fruit Industry Center,Yan′an,Shaanxi 715700;Shaanxi Luochuan County Apple Industry Research and Development Center,Luochuan,Shaanxi 727400;Yan′an Fruit Industry Research and Development Center,Luochuan,Shaanxi 727400)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]延安市果业中心,陕西延安715700 [3]陕西省洛川县苹果产业研发中心,陕西洛川727400 [4]陕西省延安市果业研究发展中心,陕西洛川727400

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第2期67-75,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：陕西省关键核心技术攻关资助项目(2024NYGG003);陕西省苹果产业转型升级关键技术研发及产业化示范科技重大专项资助项目(2020zdzx03-05-01);财政部和农业农村部国家苹果产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：以陕西省洛川县部分果业公司贮藏冷库中发生水烂病的苹果果实为试材,采用组织分离法进行病原菌鉴定,并开展病原菌生物学特性、品种抗性和药剂筛选等方面的研究工作,明确陕西省洛川县‘富士’苹果水烂病病原菌的种类,筛选出防治水烂病的有效杀菌剂,以期为该病的诊断和防控提供参考依据。结果表明:引起‘富士’苹果贮藏期水烂病的病原菌属于担子菌门、伞菌纲、伞菌目、挂钟菌科;该病原菌的最适生长温度为20~25℃,最适pH为6~7;室内毒力测定结果显示不同杀菌剂的抑菌效果存在差异,效果最好的是四霉素及多抗霉素,EC_(50)值分别为0.0333μg·mL^(-1)和0.0377μg·mL^(-1);纳他霉素的活性次之,其EC_(50)值为0.8325μg·mL^(-1);曲酸、壳聚糖效果较差。The apple fruits with water rot in the cold storage of some fruit companies in Luochuan county,Shaanxi Province were used as the test materials.The pathogens were identified by tissue isolation method,and the biological characteristics,variety resistance and fungicide screening of pathogens were carried out to clarify the species of pathogens of‘Fuji’apple water rot in Luochuan county,Shaanxi Province,and screen out effective fungicides for the prevention and control of water rot,in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and prevention and control of the disease.The results showed that the pathogens causing water rot of the‘Fuji’apple during storage belonged to Basidiomycota,Agaricomycetes,Agaricomycetes,and Campylobacteraceae.The optimum growth temperature of the pathogen was 20-25℃and the optimum pH was 6-7.The results of toxicity measurement showed that the antibacterial effects of different fungicides were different.The best effect was tetramycin and polyoxin,with EC_(50)value of 0.0333μg·mL^(-1) and 0.0377μg·mL^(-1),respectively.The EC_(50)value of natamycin was 0.8325μg·mL^(-1).The effect of kojic acid and chitosan was poor.

关 键 词：‘富士’苹果 水烂病 生物学特性 室内毒力测定 病原菌分离鉴定 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]