施用无机肥对猕猴桃组织器官及果园土壤的影响  

Effects of Applying Inorganic Fertilizer on Kiwifruit Tissue Organs and Orchard Soil

作　　者：孙风霞 张晓敏 陈德福 张廷华 王连春 SUN Fengxia;ZHANG Xiaomin;CHEN Defu;ZHANG Tinghua;WANG Lianchun(School of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University/Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China,Kunming,Yunnan 650224;Yunnan Hexu Agricultural Development Co.Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650224;Yunnan Yuanpan Fruit Industry Co.Ltd.,Honghe,Yunnan 661400;Sinan County Immigration Bureau,Tongren,Guizhou 565199)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [2]云南禾旭农业开发有限公司,云南昆明650224 [3]云南源盘果业有限公司,云南红河661400 [4]思南县移民局,贵州铜仁565199

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第2期94-101,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：云南森林资源培育与利用协同创新中心资助项目(51400604);云南省农业基础研究联合专项资助项目(2018FG001-056)。

摘　　要：以七年生“贵长”猕猴桃为试材,采用配比施肥方法,研究了不同施肥处理对猕猴桃土壤养分及植株体内氮、磷、钾、钙、镁含量的影响,以期为有效提高猕猴桃的产量、品质及合理施肥管理提供参考依据。结果表明:在N2处理下,组织器官(叶片、枝条和根系)及土壤(0~20、20~40、40~^(60)Cm)的含氮量达到最大值,分别为2511.38、1689.30、3569.51mg·kg^(-1)及20.54、23.17、22.12mg·kg^(-1);P3处理条件下,组织器官速效磷含量达到最大值,分别为62.97、15.73mg·kg^(-1)和38.12mg·kg^(-1)。中层、深层土壤速效磷在P4时达到最大,而表层土壤在P3时含量最高;K3处理时,组织器官的速效钾含量达到最大值为3649.67、1817.08mg·kg^(-1)和1934.28mg·kg^(-1)。表层及深层土壤在K2处理时含量最高;Ca4处理下,组织器官及土壤的交换性钙含量最优,分别为21.48、7.80g·kg^(-1)和8.67g·kg^(-1)及14.06、12.94cmol·kg^(-1)和12.38cmol·kg^(-1);Mg3处理时,组织器官的交换性镁含量最优,分别为7.04、3.98g·kg^(-1)和4.50g·kg^(-1)。中层土壤交换性镁含量在Mg3时最高,而表层和深层土壤在Mg4处理时最优。土壤中的营养元素积累呈现倒V字形变化,而猕猴桃组织器官中的营养元素主要积累在叶片和根系中。猕猴桃对5种元素的需求顺序为钾>氮>磷>钙>镁,得出最佳施肥组合为N2K3K3Ca4Mg3。Seven-year-old‘Guichang’kiwifruit was used as the test material,the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrients and nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium content in kiwifruit plants were studied by using aproportional fertilization method,in order to provide reference for effectively improving kiwifruit yield,quality,and rational fertilization management.The results showed that under N2treatment,the nitrogen content of tissues and organs(leaves,branches,and roots)and soil(0-20,20-40,40-^(60)Cm)reached their maximum values,which were 2511.38,1689.30,3569.51,20.54,23.17,22.12mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Under the P3 treatment conditions,the available phosphorus content in tissues and organs reached its maximum values,which were 62.97,15.73 mg·kg^(-1),and 38.12 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.The available phosphorus in the middle and deep soil reaches its maximum at P4,while the content in the surface soil was highest at P3.During K3treatment,the maximum levels of available potassium in tissues and organs were 3649.67,1817.08mg·kg^(-1),and 1934.28 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.The content of surface and deep soil was highest in K2treatment.Under Ca4treatment,the exchangeable calcium content in tissues,organs,and soil was optimal,at 21.48,7.80,8.67 g·kg^(-1),and 14.06,12.94cmol·kg^(-1),and 12.38cmol·kg^(-1),respectively.When treated with Mg3,the exchangeable magnesium content in tissues and organs was optimal,at 7.04,3.98g·kg^(-1),and 4.50g·kg^(-1),respectively.The exchangeable magnesium content in the middle soil was highest under Mg3 treatment,while the surface and deep soil were optimal under Mg4treatment.The accumulation of nutrients in the soil showed an inverted V-shaped pattern,while the nutrients in kiwifruit tissues and organs mainly accumulate in the leaves and roots.The demand order of kiwifruit for the five elements was potassium>nitrogen>phosphorus>calcium>magnesium,and the optimal fertilization amount was determined to be N2K3K3Ca4Mg3.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 矿质元素 吸收 分配 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]