旧住宅加装电梯低层业主补偿请求权的理论构造  

The Theoretical Construction of the Compensation Claim Right of Lower-Floor Owners in Old Residential Buildings for Installing Elevators

作　　者：梁汪洋 肖扬 LIANG Wangyang;XIAO Yang(School of Law,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325035,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学法学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《河北工程大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第4期81-89,共9页Journal of Hebei University of Engineering(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(编号:20BFX104);温州大学硕士研究生创新基金项目(编号:3162024003010)。

摘　　要：旧住宅加装电梯对解决老弱病幼上下楼困难、完善住宅使用功能、提升老百姓居住品质具有积极作用,但在实践中法院对该类案件裁判存在裁判结果不一、引用请求权基础不规范、抗辩事由混乱等问题,裁判困境主要是由民法典相邻关系损害补偿问题产生争议造成的。相较于传统相邻关系,以旧住宅加装电梯为代表的新型相邻关系存在公私法并存的现象,国家应当保障低层业主补偿请求权,补偿请求权基础应类推适用民法典第117条“公法补偿权”规范,并采用无过错责任;低层业主事先签订的加装电梯知情书可认为是“受害人同意”,适用民法典第1176条规定;房屋贬损的第三方评估费用应当由国家承担。The installation of elevators in old residential buildings plays a positive role in solving the difficulties faced by the elderly,weak,sick,and young when going up and down stairs,improving the functionality of residences,and enhancing the living quality of ordinary people.However,in practice,there are issues with inconsistent court rulings on such cases,improper citation of legal basis for compensation claims,and confusion regarding defense arguments.The main dilemma in these judgments arises from disputes over compensation for damages caused by adjacent relationships under the Civil Code.In comparison with traditional adjacent relationships,new types of adjacent relationships represented by the installation of elevators in old residential buildings involve both public and private law aspects.Therefore,it is necessary for the state to protect the compensation claims rights of owners on lower floors;the legal basis for compensation claims should be analogously applied according to Article 117“public law compensatory right”of the Civil Code while adopting a no-fault liability principle;signing an informed consent letter prior to elevator installation can be considered as“victim’s consent”under Article 1176 of the Civil Code;third-party evaluation costs related to property depreciation should be borne by the state.

关 键 词：加装电梯 裁决方式 相邻关系 补偿请求权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]