黄河上游测区典型代表站洪水特性研究与展望  

Study and prospect of flood characteristics of typical stations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：王海荣 王磊 王汉卿 胡锴星 WANG Hai-rong;WANG Lei;WANG Han-qing;HU Kai-xing(Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Center,Lintao,Gansu Province,Lintao 730500,China;Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources in the Upper reaches of Huangcpc,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省临洮水文水资源勘测中心,甘肃临洮730500 [2]黄委上游水文水资源局,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地下水》2024年第6期235-239,共5页Ground water

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271092)。

摘　　要：以黄河上游为研究区,采用历年的《黄河流域水文资料年鉴》数据,选择唐乃亥水文站、黄河兰州水文站为典型代表站,对典型年份2019年黄河上游三场编号洪水成因、过程、特征及组成进行分析,并与历史洪水进行对比,得出黄河上游测区最大洪水出现在7-9月,干流洪水涨落缓慢、洪水历史偏长、洪水峰型相对变“矮胖”;支流过程尖瘦、时间相对较短;干支流洪水叠加后易形成峰高、量小、历史较短的洪水特点。研究成果不仅为黄河上游测区洪水预测、防治及风险评估提供科学依据。更是对病险水闸及穿堤建筑物改建工程设计、防洪非工程措施制定、黄河两岸人民安居乐业提供保障都具有十分重要的意义。Taking the upper reaches of the Yellow River as the research area, using the data of the Yellow River Basin Hydro-logical Data Yearbook over the past years, and selecting the Tangshan Naihai Hydro-logical Station and Lanzhou Hydro-logical Station of the Yellow River as the typical representative stations, the causes, processes, characteristics and compositions of the three numbered floods in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the typical year 2019 were analyzed, and the comparison was made with the historical floods. The main stream flood fluctuates slowly, the flood history is long, and the flood peak pattern becomes “low and fat”. The tributary process is thin and the time is relatively short. It is easy to form the characteristics of high peak, small quantity and short history flood after the superposition of main and tributary floods. The research results not only provide scientific basis for flood prediction, control and risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Moreover, it is of great significance to the design of the reconstruction project of the dangerous sluice gate and the building through the embankment, the formulation of non-engineering measures for flood control, and the guarantee of the people on both sides of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：典型代表站 洪水成因 洪水过程 洪水特性 历史洪水 黄河上游测区 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]