反垄断法视野下数据壁垒的竞争损害及其破解路径  

The Competitive Damage of Data Barriers and Its Solutions from the Perspective of Antitrust Law

作　　者：殷继国[1] Yin Jiguo

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2025年第1期99-113,共15页Law-Based Society

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2024年度习近平法治思想研究专项“发展新质生产力的反垄断法保障研究”(项目批准号:GD24XFZ08)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数据是数字企业的核心资产,是形成新质生产力的优质生产要素。数据配置的非对称性和质量的差异性、数字生态系统较强的封闭性、阻碍数据流通的技术和观念是形成数据壁垒的重要原因。数据壁垒是数据企业进入大数据市场或者在大数据市场进行业务扩张时会面临的各种障碍,包括技术壁垒、成本壁垒、行为壁垒以及法律和政策壁垒。数据壁垒会损害数据市场的竞争和创新,阻碍全国统一大市场建设,因而反垄断法是规制数据壁垒的系统性工具之一。为有效破解数据壁垒,建议设定反垄断规制的合理限度以权衡数据流通与数据保护的关系,强化反垄断执法以促进数据流通和互操作,优化公平竞争审查制度以破解法律和政策壁垒。Data serves as the core asset of digital enterprises and a high-quality production factor contributing to the formation of new quality productive forces.The asymmetry in data allocation and variability in data quality,the strong closedness of digital ecosystems,as well as technological and ideological barriers that hinder data circulation are significant factors contributing to the formation of data barriers.Data barriers refer to various obstacles that data companies encounter when entering the big data market or expanding their operations within it.These barriers encompass technical barriers,cost barriers,behavioral barriers,as well as legal and policy barriers.Data barriers can undermine competition and innovation in the data market and hinder the construction of a unified national market.Therefore,antitrust law is one of the systematic tools for regulating data barriers.To effectively overcome data barriers,it is advisable to establish reasonable limits for antitrust regulations to strike a balance between data circulation and data protection,strengthen antitrust enforcement to promote data circulation and interoperability,and optimize the fair competition review system to dismantle legal and policy barriers.

关 键 词：反垄断法 数据壁垒 竞争损害 数据市场 数据垄断 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]