基于结构方程模型的老年人社会参与对健康的影响  

Impact of elderly social participation on health based on structural equation modeling

作　　者：邵晓倩 赵素荣 刘荣杭 于明 李凡奇[1] 徐丽萍 韩春蕾 SHAO Xiaoqian;ZHAO Surong;LIU Ronghang;YU Ming;LI Fanqi;XU Liping;HAN Chunlei(Binzhou Medical University,Yantai 264003,Shandong,P.R.China;Jilin University,Changchun 130021,Jilin,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院,山东烟台264003 [2]吉林大学,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《滨州医学院学报》2024年第6期516-520,共5页Journal of Binzhou Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72374033);山东省大学生创新创业训练计划(S202410440024)。

摘　　要：目的了解老年人社会参与和健康现状,并分析其影响因素,为提高老年人健康水平提供参考。方法运用多阶段抽样、配额抽样相结合的方法对山东省济南市、济宁市、东营市、青岛市的12个区县的老年人进行问卷调查,数据处理采用描述性分析、χ^(2)检验、Logistic回归分析,并建立结构方程模型,分析老年人社会参与意愿、需求及其生活状态对健康的影响路径。结果当前老年人健康状况整体较好(58%),社会参与意愿较高(63%),但社会参与需求未满足(45%)。受教育程度、身体健康状况影响老年人的社会参与意愿(P<0.05),年龄、受教育程度及身体健康状况影响老年人的社会参与需求(P<0.05)。影响老年人健康状况的三个因素由高到低依次为社会参与需求(β=0.90,P<0.001)、社会参与意愿(β=0.60,P<0.001)和健康状况(β=0.47,P<0.001),三者均对老年人健康状况有正向的影响。结论社会参与对老年人健康有显著的正向影响,应鼓励老年人积极参与社会活动,以改善老年人健康状况及生活质量、推动积极老龄化的实现。Objective To understand the social participation and health status of the elderly,and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide reference for improving the health level and quality of life of the elderly.Methods The multi-stage sampling and quota sampling were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the elderly in 12 districts and counties of Jinan,Jining,Dongying and Qingdao in Shandong Province,and the data processing was carried out with descriptive analysis,chi-square test,logistic regression analysis.A structural equation model was established to analyze the impact path of the elderly′s willingness to participate in society,their needs and their living conditions on their health.Results At present,the health status of the elderly was generally good(58%),and the willingness to participate in society was high(63%),but the demand for social participation was not met(45%).The education level and physical health status affected the willingness of the elderly to participate in social participation(P<0.05),and age,education level and physical health status affected the social participation needs of the elderly(P<0.05).The three factors influencing the health status of the elderly were social participation demand(β=0.90,P<0.001),social participation willingness(β=0.60,P<0.001)and health status(β=0.47,P<0.001),all of which had a positive impact on the health status of the elderly.Conclusion Social participation has a significant positive impact on the health of the elderly,and they should be encouraged to actively participate in various social activities to improve their health status and quality of life,and promote the realization of active aging.

关 键 词：结构方程模型 老年人 社会参与 健康 影响因素 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]