劳动力流动何以带来高收益?——基于流入地工业智能化发展的分析  

Why Does Labor Flow Bring High Returns?Analysis on the Development of Industrial Intelligence in the Inflow Area

作　　者：余长林[1,2] 邵飞飞 YU Chang-lin;SHAO Fei-fei(Center for Macroeconomic Research,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361005,China;Paula and Gregory Chow Institute for Studies in Economics,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361005,China;School of Econimics,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang,Jiangxi,330013,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学宏观经济研究中心,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门大学邹至庄经济研究院,福建厦门361005 [3]江西财经大学经济学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《经济管理》2024年第11期47-66,共20页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字经济提升中国产业链供应链韧性的机制与实现路径研究”(23BJY216);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“创新驱动型经济发展战略研究”(22JJD790051);福建省社会科学基金重点项目“基础研究促进关键核心技术创新的理论机制与实现路径研究”(FJ2022A011)。

摘　　要：本文利用中国流动人口动态监测数据考察城市工业智能化发展对流入到该城市的劳动力工资性收入的影响,以探究劳动力流动为何能带来高收益。研究发现,工业智能化发展会显著提高流动到该城市劳动者的工资性收入,即劳动力流动的确会带来高收益。但这种影响对常住流动劳动力和短期流动劳动力具有显著的差异性,相较于短期流动劳动力,城市工业智能化发展对常住流动劳动力工资性收入的提升作用更显著,说明劳动力流动获取的高收益存在时间效应,即流动时间越长,获得的收益增量越大。机制分析表明,全要素生产率提升、效率改进、技术创新是城市工业智能化提高劳动者工资性收入的主要机制;此外,职业分工和人力资本转化分别是城市工业智能化影响常住流动劳动力与短期流动劳动力工资差异的主要机制。基于技能维度、规模与时间维度的异质性分析进一步佐证了上述机制的合理性。本文研究对工业智能化浪潮下如何提高劳动者报酬具有重要现实意义。Does labor flow necessarily lead to high returns?Theoretically,labor flow is a self-selection process akin to“voting with one's feet”.Laborers are likely to relocate only if their expected income exceeds the costs of moving,making high returns a probable outcome of mobility.However,with the rapid advancements in the new wave of technological revolutions,exemplified by artificial intelligence,the substitution and complementary effects caused by these technologies significantly influence labor flow behaviors and the associated benefits.In this context,can labor flow still guarantee high returns?If so,how are these returns achieved.And does the duration of mobility play a role?To address these questions,this paper uses the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey to investigate the impact and mechanism of urban industrial intelligence development on the wage income of the labor flowing into the city.Additionally,the paper categorizes migrant laborers into two groups—long-term migrant laborers and short-term migrant laborers—based on differences in mobility duration and analyzes the differential impacts of industrial intelligence on these groups.The findings reveal that the development of industrial intelligence in cities significantly increases the wage income of migrating laborers,confirming that labor flow indeed leads to higher returns.However,this impact varies significantly between longterm and short-term migrant laborers.Compared to short-term migrant laborers,the wage-enhancing effect of urban industrial intelligence development is more pronounced for long-term migrant laborers.This indicates a time effect in the high returns from labor flow:the longer the duration of mobility,the greater the incremental returns.The mechanism analyses show that improvements in total factor productivity,labor efficiency,and technological innovation are the primary drivers behind the wage increase for laborers due to urban industrial intelligence.Additionally,occupational division and human capital transformation serve as

关 键 词：工业智能化 工资性收入 常住流动劳动力 短期流动劳动力 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] F244