市场化背景下新型合作社在牧民生计发展中的作用  

Research on the Role of New-Type Cooperatives in Herders'Livelihood Development under the Background of Marketization

作　　者：张中亚 贡布泽仁 ZHANG Zhong-ya;Gongbu Zeren(Department of Sociology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Institute of Social Development,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学社会学系,浙江杭州310058 [2]西南财经大学社会发展研究院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《北方民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期110-120,共11页Journal of North Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“牧区市场化的过程中草场使用制度变革的研究”(71703126)。

摘　　要：自我国草原家庭承包制实施以来,牧区生计模式由传统的集体经营转向单户经营,导致牧民生计面临诸多挑战,重新组建社区经济合作组织成为摆脱这一困境的有效途径。以青海省玉树藏族自治州两个村不同类型的合作社为研究对象,分析探讨了新型合作社提升牧民生计水平的作用机制和组织模式。研究发现,作为社区合作组织的载体,新型合作社不仅重建了社区内部与外部组织的合作关系,还在保障牧民权益的同时,赋予社区组织重新配置草场资源的权利,从而提升了牧民的收入多样性和总收入水平。新型合作社展现了社会经济的双重特征,化解了市场经济与社区集体效益之间的矛盾,为当前牧区经济发展面临的困境提供了切实可行的解决路径。Since the implementation of the grassland contracting system in China,the livelihood model in pastoral areas has shifted from traditional collective management to individual household management,which has had negative impacts on the livelihoods of herders. Rebuilding community economic cooperatives has become an effective way to address this issue. This study,based on cooperatives of different types in two villages in Yushu Prefecture,Qinghai Province,explores the mechanisms and organizational models through which new-type cooperatives improve herders' livelihoods. The study finds that,as carriers of community cooperative organizations,new-type cooperatives not only rebuild cooperation within the community and with external organizations but also,while protecting the individual rights of herders,empower community organizations to reallocate grassland resources. This process enhances the income diversity and total income of the entire village. The new-type cooperatives exhibit dual characteristics of social economy,balancing the conflict between market economy and community collective benefits,offering a feasible solution to the current economic challenges in pastoral areas.

关 键 词：新型合作社 社会经济 社会资本 牧民生计 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]