致犊牛腹泻常见病毒的检测及风险因素分析  

Detection of common viruses causing calf diarrhea and analysis of risk factors

作　　者：何艳飞 覃城皇 徐肖文 冼茵儿 项志杰 陈颖钰 郭爱珍 HE Yanfei;QIN Chenghuang;XU Xiaowen;XIAN Yiner;XIANG Zhijie;CHEN Yingyu;GUO Aizhen(National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/College of Veterinary Medicine,College of Animal Sciences and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production/Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室/华中农业大学动物科学技术学院、动物医学院,武汉430070 [2]生猪健康养殖协同创新中心/湖北省兽医流行病学国际科技合作基地,武汉430070 [3]湖北洪山实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2025年第1期174-182,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEF02028);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为了解犊牛腹泻主要病毒的流行现状和优势毒株,2021年11月至2023年10月间,运用RT-PCR技术对来自湖北、湖南、河南、广西、贵州、甘肃、山东和内蒙古等地41个牧场的264头腹泻犊牛的264份样品(58份肛拭子、15份肠组织和191份粪便)进行了牛轮状病毒(bovine rotavirus,BRV)、牛冠状病毒(bovine coronavirus,BCoV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)的检测,进一步对以上3种病毒在不同地区、年龄、季节和品种的分布进行了分析。结果显示,BRV、BCoV和BVDV的个体阳性检出率分别为14.02%(95%CI:8.44~16.68)、10.23%(95%CI:6.85~14.53)和12.12%(95%CI:10.06~18.80),78.05%(95%CI:62.39~89.44)的牧场为犊牛腹泻病毒阳性场,29.27%(95%CI:16.13~45.54)的牧场存在有混合感染,BRV与BCoV是最为常见的混合感染组合,检出率为3.42%(95%CI:1.32~5.88)。BRV在我国北方地区、冬季和≤5周龄的犊牛中检出率较高,BCoV在我国北方地区和夏冬季节检出率高,而BVDV在各地区、年龄、品种等方面,检出率无显著差异。结果表明3种病毒在我国11个省份地区的41个牧场的腹泻犊牛中普遍存在,BRV和BCoV是导致犊牛腹泻的主要病毒,并且其流行情况受到地区、季节和年龄的影响,这提示在防控措施中应该考虑这些因素。To understand the current epidemiological status and dominant strains of calf diarrhea virus-es is important for disease prevention and control.264 diarrheic calves samples(including 58 anal swabs,15 intestinal tissues,and 191 feces)from 41 farms in Hubei,Hunan,Henan,Guangxi,Guizhou,Gansu,Shan-dong,and Inner Mongolia were collected between November 2021 and October 2023.RT-PCR was used for the detection of bovine rotavirus(BRV),bovine coronavirus(BCoV)and bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV).Results showed that the individual positive proportion of BRV,BCoV and BVDV were 14.02%(95%CI:8.44-16.68),10.23%(95%CI:6.85-14.53)and 12.12%(95%CI:10.06-18.80),respective-ly.The farm positive proportion was 78.05%(95%CI:62.39-89.44),in which 29.27%(95%CI:16.13-45.54)had mixed infections.3.42%(95%CI:1.32-5.88)samples were co-infected with both BRV and BCoV,which was the most commonly combination.Furtherly,the distribution of the above three viruses in different regions,ages,seasons and breeds was analyzed.There was a high risk of BRV infection in the northern China,winter and in calves≤5 weeks old,and BCoV had a high risk of infection in northern Chi-na,and both summer and winter.There was no significantly difference BVDV infection in different regions,ages and breeds.The results indicate that the three viruses are prevalent in diarrheal calves across 41 farms in 11 provinces in China,with BRV and BCoV being the main viruses causing calf diarrhea.Their preva-lence is influenced by region,season,and age,suggesting that these factors should be considered in preven-tion and control measures.

关 键 词：犊牛腹泻 BRV BCoV BVDV 检测 风险因素分析 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]