不同晾制湿度下雪茄烟叶变黄期非结构糖类及质体色素的动态变化  

Dynamic changes in non-structural sugars and plastid pigments during yellowing stage of cigar tobacco leaves under different air-curing humidities

作　　者：汪薇 谭永浩 卓毅锋 全益华 刘欣瑶 时雅琪 符昌武 王振华 WANG Wei;TAN Yonghao;ZHUO Yifeng;QUAN Yihua;LIU Xinyao;SHI Yaqi;FU Changwu;WANG Zhenhua(Zhangjiajie City Branch Company of Hunan Tobacco Company,Zhangjiajie 427000,China;Henan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Sichuan China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610017,China;Institute of Cigar at the Technology Center of Anhui Tobacco Industrial Company,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司张家界市公司,张家界427000 [2]河南农业大学烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,郑州450046 [3]四川中烟工业有限责任公司,成都610017 [4]安徽中烟工业公司技术中心雪茄所,合肥230000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2025年第1期246-254,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：张家界市烟草公司科技计划项目(2022430800240239);湖南省烟草公司科技计划项目(HN2022KJ02,HN2022KJ03)。

摘　　要：为提升烟叶的晾制品质,以云雪2号作为试验材料,探究在环境温度为28℃,环境湿度分别为90%(高湿)、80%(中湿)、70%(低湿)的条件下雪茄烟叶晾制变黄期烟叶内在化学成分的变化。结果显示:(1)不同晾制湿度下,烟叶晾制期间质体色素、淀粉含量整体呈下降趋势,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖整体呈上升趋势。(2)高湿处理(变黄湿度为90%)烟叶叶绿素含量降解速率缓慢,但降解周期长,而低湿与中湿处理在变黄96 h之后含量便趋于较低水平,变化不明显。(3)低湿(变黄湿度为70%)处理葡萄糖与果糖含量在变黄前期积累量明显增加,在变黄144 h之后增量较小,而中湿与高湿含量变化趋势与低湿相反,在变黄前期增量不明显,而在变黄144 h之后显著增加;不同处理下淀粉与蔗糖含量变化趋势几近相同。(4)相关性分析结果显示,晾制过程中质体色素含量与非结构性糖类含量变化均达到了显著或极显著水平。综上,低湿(变黄湿度为70%)烟叶变黄速率较快,非结构性糖类转化迅速,烟叶提前结束变黄;高湿(变黄湿度为90%)烟叶在变黄前期各项指标变化较小,144 h之后非结构性糖类转化速率较快,一定程度上延长了变黄期时长。中湿(变黄湿度为80%)烟叶的质体色素与非结构性糖类的降解转化程度处于低湿与高湿之间。以上结果表明,高湿晾制为烟叶变黄提供了较为合适的环境、时间条件,促进了烟叶内含物质的转化,因此在实际生产中,在晾制变黄期为烟叶提供高湿的晾制环境更有利于高品质烟叶的形成。In order to improve the air-curing quality of tobacco leaves,Yunxue No.2 was used to study the changes and correlation between non-structural sugars and plastid pigments during the yellowing stage of cigar tobacco leaves under different air-curing humidities.The changes in the intrinsic chemical com-position of cigar tobacco leaves during the yellowing stage under conditions of an ambient temperature of 28℃and ambient humidity of 90%(high humidity),80%(medium humidity),and 70%(low humidity).The results showed that the content of plastid pigments and starch in tobacco leaves had an overall decreas-ing trend,while the content of glucose,fructose,and sucrose had an overall increasing trend Under differ-ent air-curing humidities.The degradation rate of the content of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves treated with high humidity(yellowing humidity of 90%)was slow,but the cycle of degradation was long,while the content of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves treated with high and medium humidity after 96 hours of yellowing tended to a lower level,and the change was not significant.Low humidity(yellowing humidity of 70%)treatment significantly increased the accumulation in the content of glucose and fructose at the early stage of yellowing,and the increase was relatively small after 144 hours of yellowing.The trend of changes in the content of glucose and fructose treated with medium and high humidity was opposite to that with low hu-midity,with no significant increase at the early stage of yellowing,but a significant increase after 144 hours of yellowing.The trend of changes in the content of starch and sucrose under different treatments was almost the same.The results of correlation analyses showed that the changes in the content of plastid pig-ments and non-structural carbohydrate during the air-curing process reached significant or extremely signifi-cant levels.It is indicated that the rate of yellowing in tobacco leaves under the low humidity(yellowing hu-midity of 70%)was relatively fast,and the conversion of non-structural

关 键 词：雪茄烟叶 晾制 质体色素 单糖 低聚糖 淀粉 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]