风送式水稻侧深施肥装置的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of wind-delivered rice side-deep fertilization device

作　　者：徐红梅[1] 赵亚兵 李中鑫 蒙焌仕 张胤培 张国忠[1] XU Hongmei;ZHAO Yabing;LI Zhongxin;MENG Junshi;ZHANG Yinpei;ZHANG Guozhong(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院/农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2025年第1期276-287,共12页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662022GXYJ003)。

摘　　要：针对水田作业环境下施肥机械的排肥口末端易被泥土堵塞导致施肥机的排肥性能差的问题,本研究综合双齿轮排肥器和螺旋排肥器的优点,设计了一种风送式水稻侧深施肥装置。对水稻施肥装置进行整体设计,并通过理论计算确定施肥装置的参数范围,依据物料特性参数试验结果,借助EDEM软件对关键部件进行离散元仿真分析,以排肥稳定性变异系数为评价指标,选取螺旋轴直径、螺距和转速为试验因素,进行单因素及Box-Behnken响应曲面试验,确定其最佳参数;基于两级排肥器传动比对施肥装置排肥质量的影响规律确定两级排肥器最佳传动比。结果显示:螺旋轴最佳组合参数为螺旋轴直径21 mm、转速140 r/min、螺距17 mm,此时排肥稳定性变异系数为2.5%;双齿轮排肥器和螺旋排肥器的传动比为1∶4时排肥连续且均匀。样机试验表明,两级排肥器的排肥一致性、稳定性、均匀性变异系数相比螺旋排肥器均有所提高。A wind-delivered rice side-deep fertilization device was designed by integrating the advan-tages of a double-gear fertilizer feeder and a spiral fertilizer feeder to solve the problems of poor perfor-mance of fertilizer discharge caused by the clogging of fertilizer outlets at the end of fertilizer feeder in pad-dy field environments.The fertilization device for rice was overall designed and the parameters of the fertil-ization device were determined through theoretical calculations.Discrete element simulation analyses of key components were conducted with EDEM software based on the experimental results of material characteris-tic parameters.Experiments of single factor and Box Behnken response surface were performed to deter-mine the optimal parameters using the coefficient of variation of fertilizer stability as the evaluation index,the diameter,pitch,and speed of the spiral axis as experimental factors.The optimal transmission ratio of the two-stage fertilizer feeder was determined by comparing its impact on the quality of fertilizer discharge.The effectiveness of the design was validated through comparative analysis of prototype tests between the two-stage fertilizer feeder and the single-stage spiral fertilizer feeder.The results showed that the optimal combination of parameter for the spiral axis was a diameter of 21 mm,a rotation speed of 140 r/min,and a pitch of 17 mm,with the coefficient of variation for discharge stability of fertilizer of 2.5%.The fertilizer was discharged continuously and evenly when the transmission ratio of the double-gear fertilizer feeder and the spiral fertilizer feeder was 1∶4.The results of testing the prototype showed that the coefficient of varia-tion of the consistency,stability,and uniformity of the two-stage fertilizer feeder was improved compared to that of the spiral fertilizer feeder.It will provide a theoretical foundation and reference for the technology and equipment of rice side-deep fertilization,and valuable insights for the future studies in this field.

关 键 词：水稻 施肥机 侧深施肥 两级排肥器 离散元 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]