“亚洲国际法”抑或“国际法在亚洲”:辨析与比较  

Asian International Law or International Law in Asia:Analysis and Comparison

作　　者：张乃根[1,2,3] Zhang Naigen

机构地区：[1]复旦大学 [2]中国国际法学会 [3]亚洲国际法学会咨询理事会

出　　处：《国际法研究》2024年第6期5-22,共18页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：“亚洲国际法”抑或“国际法在亚洲”不只是术语的表述问题,而是涉及国际法的区域性与普遍性的重大理论与实践问题以及对历史的评价。国外有关“文明间”或“跨文明”国际法的研究认为,1895年《马关条约》对打破中国“朝贡制”进而形成新的全球社会国际法起到促进作用,但回避该条约的不平等性,并主张日本主导的“亚洲国际法”。实际上,这是日本“脱亚投欧”,侵略亚洲邻国,推进欧洲中心论的国际法伴随殖民化扩展到亚洲的后果。国内学界对国际法的普遍性与区域性有所研究,但对亚洲相关国际法研究不够。通过对国际法与国际社会、“亚洲国际法”“国际法在亚洲”的辨析可知,历史上未曾有过“亚洲国际法”;日本靠侵略亚洲邻国,将具有殖民的历史局限性的、欧洲中心论的国际法复制到亚洲,最终彻底失败。相比之下,美国建国后通过将国际法纳入联邦宪法下的国内法律体制,形成“国际法在美国”,并通过促进和平解决国际争端机制,尤其是主导起草《联合国宪章》,对全球普遍性国际法作出了贡献。这超出区域和国别国际法范畴。由此引发对“亚洲国际法”抑或“国际法在亚洲”的进一步思考,启示中国特色国际法理论研究,应立足中国,放眼世界。The expression about“Asian international law”or“international law in Asia”is not only related to the terminology,but also the critical issue in the theories and the practices regarding the regional or universal international law as well as the historical assessment.The foreign research on“intercivilization”or“transcivilization”holds that 1895 treaty between China and Japan was very significant for the birth of international law for the global society without recognizing the inequality of this treaty,meanwhile,it argues that Japan had led to have the Asian international law.In fact,the 1895 treaty was resulted from Japanese aggression in Asian countries to follow the European colonization expanded into Asia.Chinese domestic researches are not enough on the Asia and international law and its universality or regionality.By analysis of the international society with the international law,Asian international law and the international law in Asia,it would be understood that there was no so called Asian international law in history.Japan imitated the European colonization to treat Asian countries and finally fell down after the World War II.In comparison with the United States after independence incorporating the international law into its domestic legal system under the federal constitution,it formed“the international law in America”instead of“American international law”,and contributed to the global general international law by promoting the mechanism of peaceful settlement of international disputes and in particular,taking the leadership to draft the Charter of the United Nations.The United States'contribution goes beyond the regional or national categories of international law.It is remindful to consider something further about“Asian international law”or“the international law in Asia”,and indicates that the China's studies of international law shall have the Chinese characteristics with the global viewpoints.

关 键 词：亚洲 国际法 文明间 区域性 普遍性 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]