沉水植物对华南地区池塘环境质量改善比较研究  

A comparative study on the improvement of pond environmental quality inSouth China by submerged macrophytes

作　　者：曾汝 胡铁焕 胡采芹 曾艳艺[2] 孙金辉[1] 王超[2] 崔培[1] ZENG Ru;HU Tiehuan;HU Caiqin;ZENG Yanyi;SUN Jinhui;WANG Chao;CUI Pei(Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture,Tianjin 300384,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species&Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of the Pearl River Basin,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院,天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300384 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广东省水产动物免疫与绿色养殖重点实验室,农业农村部珠江流域渔业生态环境监测中心,农业农村部外来入侵水生生物防控重点实验室,广州510380

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2024年第5期7-16,共10页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2024A1515011573);中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所基本科研业务费(2022SJ-XT3);农业农村部财政专项:珠江流域渔业资源与栖息地调查。

摘　　要：华南地区池塘养殖面积大、产量高、随着绿色健康养殖标准体系新要求和养殖尾水排放新标准的出台,池塘养殖环境质量要求趋于严格。本研究对华南地区养殖池塘开展试验,构建沉水植物修复池塘(MFP),并与邻近的养殖投饵池塘、蓄水池塘和景观池塘进行比较,以探讨沉水植物修复对池塘环境质量改善效果。研究结果表明,以轮叶黑藻、密刺苦草和菹草组合的沉水植物构建群落及修复半年后,MFP水体透明度提高50%以上,并持续增加至全塘清澈见底。随着修复时间从半年到1年进一步延长,MFP水体NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、TP含量均显著下降,下降率介于23%~92%;底泥TN、TP、TOM及重金属Cu、Zn含量亦显著下降,下降率分别为27%、42%、45%及70%和30%;MFP水质和底泥均达到清洁水平。研究结果表明,池塘中沉水植物构建群落可协同降低池塘水质和底泥环境中氮、磷含量,缓解养殖池塘富营养化和重金属污染,抑制藻华暴发,稳定池塘生态环境,为构建绿色健康养殖模式提供基础支撑。Pond aquaculture in South China is widespread and highly productive.However,as sustainable aquaculture practices gain importance and stricter discharge standards for aquaculture tailwater are enforced,environmental quality requirements for pond aquaculture have become more stringent.In this study,we conducted a trial on aquaculture ponds in South China,constructed a macrophyte-fish collaborative restore pond(MFP),and compared it with neighboring fish culture pond(FP),storage pond(SP),and landscape pond(LP)to explore the effect of submerged macrophytes restoration on the improvement of pond environmental quality.The results showed that,six months after the establishment of the submerged macrophyte community consisting of Hydrilla verticillate,Vallisneria denseserrulata and Potamogeton crispus,the transparency of the MFP increased by more than 50%,with a sustained improvement throughout the entire pond depth.Over one year,the concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN,Zn,Cr,Pb,Cu,and TP in the MFP water significantly decreased,with reductions ranging from 23%to 92%.Similarly,concentrations of TN,TP,TOM,Cu and Zn in the MFP substrates also decreased substantially,with reduction rates of 27%,42%,45%,and 70%,30%,respectively.These findings indicated that both water and substrate quality in the MFP reached a cleaner,healthier state.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that the establishment of submerged macrophyte communities could effectively reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus levels in both pond water and substrates,mitigate eutrophication and heavy metal pollution,inhibit algal bloom,stabilize the pond ecosystems,and contribute to the development of a sustainable ecological aquaculture model.

关 键 词：轮叶黑藻 密刺苦草 菹草 水质 底泥 池塘修复 

分 类 号：S94[农业科学—水产养殖]