透空式梯形礁体对孤立波复杂岛礁水动力特性影响的试验研究  

Experimental study on the influence of permeable trapezoidal reef on the hydrodynamic characteristics of solitary wave complex reefs

作　　者：喻仞石 屈科 王超[1] 刘叶文雅 李玮[1] Yu Renshi;Qu Ke;Wang Chao;Liu Yewenya;Li Wei(School of Hydraulic Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点试验室,湖南长沙410114 [3]水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点试验室,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第10期88-96,共9页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3103601)。

摘　　要：珊瑚岛礁地貌作为海岸的天然屏障,近年来由于人类活动的影响产生了不可逆的破坏。失去天然屏障的岛屿如何抵抗极端波浪的侵蚀成为了迫在眉睫的问题。本文基于波浪水槽物理模型试验,从入射波高、礁坪水深、孔隙半径等参数展开对复杂珊瑚岛礁地形附近的孤立波水动力特性研究,并从能量的角度揭示人工礁体的消波机理。试验结果表明:透空式梯形礁体能够对波浪能进行削弱,并使得波浪破碎位置发生提前;受礁体的影响波浪在通过礁体后发生局部减水,且可以降低后续在礁坪上传播的有效水深;透射系数和反射系数均随入射波高的增大而增大;随礁坪水深的增大反射系数减小,透射系数增大;反射系数随孔隙半径的增大而减小,透射系数无明显规律。透空式梯形礁体可以有效降低波浪的透射强度,实现对岛屿的防护,并且透空式梯形礁体在削弱波浪能量的同时还可以兼顾生态友好、减少结构物受力、为水体交换提供空间。As a natural barrier to the coast,coral reefs have been irreversible damaged in recent years due to the influence of human activities.How to resist the erosion of extreme waves has become an urgent problem for islands that have lost their natural barriers.Based on the physical model test of wave flume,this paper studies the complex hydrodynamic characteristics of solitary waves near coral reef topography from the parameters of incident wave height,reef flat water depth and pore radius,and reveals the wave dissipation mechanism of artificial reefs from the perspective of energy.The test results show that the permeable trapezoidal reef can weaken the wave energy and advance the wave breaking position.Under the influence of the reef,the wave is partially reduced after passing through the reef,and the effective water depth of the subsequent propagation on the reef flat can be reduced.The transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient increase with the increase of incident wave height.With the increase of reef flat water depth,the reflection coefficient decreases and the transmission coefficient increases.The reflection coefficient decreases with the increase of pore radius,and the transmission coefficient has no obvious law.The permeable trapezoidal reef can effectively reduce the transmission intensity of waves and realize the protection of islands.The permeable trapezoidal reef can not only weaken the wave energy,but also take into account the ecological friendliness,reduce the force of structures and provide space for water exchange.

关 键 词：孤立波 人工礁体 水动力特性 物理试验 波浪能 

分 类 号：TV139.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]