经典名方麻子仁丸历史沿革及关键信息考证  

Textual Research on the Historical Evolution and Key Information on the Classical Formula Cannabis Fruit Pills

作　　者：马婧 马越 郎燕[3] 马力杰 李卫强[1,2,4] 罗彦慧[1,2,4] 孙灵芝 MA Jing;MA Yue;LANG Yan;MA Lijie;LI Weiqiang;LUO Yanhui;SUN Lingzhi(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia,China,750004;Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan,Ningxia,China,750004;Library of Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia,China,750004;The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,Wuzhong,Ningxia,China,751100;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China,100029)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学中医学院,宁夏银川750004 [2]宁夏少数民族医药现代化教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750004 [3]宁夏医科大学图书馆,宁夏银川750004 [4]宁夏医科大学附属中医医院,宁夏吴忠751100 [5]北京中医药大学中医学院,北京100029

出　　处：《河南中医》2025年第2期220-227,共8页Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：2020国家社科基金西部项目(20XMZ015)。

摘　　要：目的:对经典名方麻子仁丸处方来源、方剂组成、主治、剂量以及炮制、煎制、服用方法等进行考证。方法:查阅书同文·中医中药古籍数据库、方剂词典以及《中华医典》等网络数据库,将“麻子仁丸”设为关键词展开全文检索,同时对其异名如“麻仁丸”“脾约麻仁丸”“脾约丸”“子和脾约丸”等进行检索,构建的检索式为“麻仁丸”or“脾约麻仁丸”or“脾约丸”or“子和脾约丸”。结果:本研究共收集到含麻子仁丸的古籍文献120条,涉及中医古籍120部。麻子仁丸为东汉张仲景《伤寒论》首创,具体药物组成为麻子仁、芍药、枳实、大黄、杏仁、厚朴,其异名包括麻仁丸、脾约麻仁丸、脾约丸、子和脾约丸等。麻子仁丸主要用于治疗大便秘结、小便频数、胃肠燥热、水肿、腹满、腰背拘急、汗出、中风、脚气有风、不渴等病证。麻子仁丸中苦杏仁、厚朴、大黄的炮制方式最为复杂多变,苦杏仁多为去皮尖,麸炒;厚朴通常去皮并姜制;大黄则多为生用或酒制。结论:本研究通过对麻子仁丸药物组成、主治病证、炮制方法等进行考证,为麻子仁的深入研究和开发提供更充分的依据。Objective:To conduct textual research on the origin,composition,indications,dosage,processing,preparation,and administration methods of the classical formula Cannabis Fruit Pill.Methods:Comprehensive searches were conducted in the Shuyongwen Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herbal Medicine Database,Formula Dictionaries,and Zhonghua Medical Encyclopedia,etc.The keywords"Maziren Pills"and its synonyms,such as"Maren Pills,""Piyue Maziren Pills,""Piyue Pills,"and"Zihe Piyue Pills,"were used in full-text searches.The search string included"Maren Pills"or"Piyue Maziren Pills"or"Piyue Pills"or"Zihe Piyue Pills."Results:A total of 120 ancient texts from 120 classical Chinese medical books referencing Cannabis Fruit Pills were collected.First documented by Zhang Zhongjing in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases during the Eastern Han Dynasty,the formula comprises Maziren(Fructus Cannabis),Shaoyao(Rhizoma Dioscoreae),Zhishi(Fructus Aurantii Immaturus),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),Xingren(Semen Armeniacae Amarum),and Houpo(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis).Alternative names for the formula include Maren Pills,Piyue Maziren Pills,Piyue Pills,and Zihe Piyue Pills.It is primarily used to treat constipation,frequent urination,gastrointestinal heat-dryness,edema,abdominal fullness,lumbar and back stiffness,sweating,stroke,beriberi,and certain conditions without thirst.The processing methods of certain ingredients,particularly Xingren,Houpo,and Dahuang,are highly diverse:Bitter Xingren is often peeled and stir-fried with bran;Houpo is typically skinned and processed with ginger;Dahuang is used raw or wine-processed.Conclusion:This study examines the components,indications,and processing methods of Cannabis Fruit Pills,providing a more comprehensive foundation for its further research and development.

关 键 词：麻子仁丸 文献考证 《伤寒论》 张仲景 

分 类 号：R289.5[医药卫生—方剂学]