数字经济时代反垄断法视野下必需设施理论之高度审慎适用  

The Highly Prudent Application of the Essential Facilities Doctrine from the Perspective of Anti-monopoly Law in the Digital Economy Era

作　　者：孟雁北[1,2,3,4] Meng Yanbei

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学亚太法学研究院 [3]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院反垄断与竞争政策研究中心 [4]北京市经济法学研究会

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第11期41-57,160,161,F0003,共20页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：反垄断法能否以及如何适用必需设施理论一直充满争议,相关理论也伴随着各国反垄断立法与司法活动的变化在不断发展。虽然反垄断法在实施中具有适用必需设施理论的可能性,但是面对可能会不当限制经营者权利的质疑以及可能会抑制投资与创新动力的担忧,必需设施理论的适用一直秉承审慎适用原则,它在知识产权领域的适用更为审慎,在数字市场的适用则应高度审慎,尤其在认定数据或者平台是否构成必需设施时更要恪守高度审慎原则,并将必需设施理论的适用框定在滥用市场支配地位行为的分析框架中。当然,数字经济时代的必需设施理论除了在反垄断法领域适用,在数字市场管制法中可能也有更广阔的适用空间,这也消除了对数字市场高度审慎适用必需设施理论是否会弱化反垄断法实施效果的疑虑。The application of the essential facilities doctrine in anti-monopoly law has been a subject of controversy and has evolved alongside its implementation in various jurisdictions'anti-monopoly legislation and cases.While there is potential for applying this doctrine in enforcing anti-monopoly laws,challenges arise regarding the risk of unduly restricting operators'rights and concerns that it may inhibit investment and innovation.Consequently,the application of the essential facilities doctrine has consistently adhered to a principle of prudent application,particularly within the realm of intellectual property rights.In the context of the digital marketplace,this principle should be applied with heightened caution when determining whether data or a platform constitutes an essential facility.Furthermore,the application of the essential facilities doctrine in digital markets should be framed within an analytical framework focused on abusive market dominance behavior.In addition,in the digital age,this doctrine may extend beyond anti-monopoly law to encompass broader applications in digital market regulation law,thereby alleviating concerns that a highly prudent approach to applying the essential facilities doctrine might undermine the effectiveness of antimonopoly law enforcement.

关 键 词：必需设施理论 反垄断法 数字经济 高度审慎适用 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]