明清社会纠纷化解的民间法依据  

Folk Laws for Dispute Resolution in Ming and Qing Societies

作　　者：李霞[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] Li Xia

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所宪法与行政法研究室 [2]中国社会科学院大学法学院 [3]中国社会科学院文化法制研究中心 [4]中国法学会行政法学研究会 [5]北京市监察法学研究会 [6]美国哥伦比亚大学法学院 [7]匈牙利中欧大学法学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第11期110-126,163,F0003,共19页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(DF2023ZD07);北京市社会科学基金项目“中国古代监察法制研究”(19FXB006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在明清乡村社会中,由习惯法和家族法构成的民间法体系经由独特的运作方式控制并规范乡村纠纷争端,进而影响构成乡村社会稳定基础的普通民众心理。该体系依托村落组织等就地化解矛盾,实现高效预防化解矛盾纠纷的效果。明清民间法无论是在内容、形式上,还是在制度化的实践中,都具有异常鲜明的实用性和地方性,同时在理念价值和程序运作上与国家法系统保持适度关联,既弥补了国家法在制度设计与实际运作中的不足,又缓解了地方官府在定分止争、维系地方秩序时面对的压力。In the rural society of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the folk law system composed of customary law and family law controlled and regulated rural disputes through a unique mode of operation,which in turn affected the psychology of ordinary people who formed the basis of rural social stability.By relying on village organizations to resolve conflicts on-site,this system effectively prevented and resolved contradictions and disputes.The folk laws of the Ming and Qing dynasties exhibited unusually distinct practicality and locality in terms of content,form,and institutional practices.At the same time,they maintained a moderate relationship with the national legal system regarding conceptual values and procedural operations.This not only compensated for the shortcomings of national law in design and implementation but also alleviated the pressure faced by local governments in determining resolutions to disputes and maintaining local order.

关 键 词：民间法 家法族规 民间纠纷化解 基层治理 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]