清末河间府方言选择问句研究——兼与北京官话、南方官话比较  

A Study on the Alternative Questions in the Dialect of Hejian Prefecture in the Late Qing Dynasty:A Comparison with Beijing Mandarin and Southern Mandarin

作　　者：董淑慧[1] 刘伊茹 DONG Shuhui;LIU Yiru(College of Chinese Language and Culture,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Suzhou High School Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University,Suzhou 200050,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学汉语言文化学院,天津300071 [2]西安交通大学苏州附属中学,江苏苏州200050

出　　处：《合肥师范学院学报》2024年第4期1-9,共9页Journal of Hefei Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代北方汉语语言接触演变研究”(23&ZD315)。

摘　　要：清末河间府方言选择问句有4类:“是A,是B”“A,是B”“A,B”“是A,还是B”,以使用语气词为常见。将清末河间府方言选择问句与清末北京官话、南方官话选择问句进行比较发现:北京官话、河间府方言和南方官话多用关联词,由“还”构成的选择问句和无关联词选择问句为弱势句式。北京官话句式最丰富,河间府方言句式最不丰富。从使用频率看,“是A,是B”是河间府方言选择问句的绝对优势句式。“还是”系选择问句是南方官话的优势句式,而北京官话中“还是”系和“是”系选择问句数量大致相当。从元明到清初,“是”系选择问句为北方官话的优势句式,“还是”系选择问句为南方官话的优势句式,表现出地域特征。The dialect of Hejian Prefecture in the late Qing Dynasty features four types of alternative questions:“Is it A,is it B?”,“A,is it B?”,“A,B”,and “Is it A or B?”,with modal particles being the most common.Comparing these alternative questions with those in late Qing Beijing Mandarin and Southern Mandarin reveals that Beijing Mandarin,Hejian Prefecture dialect,and Southern Mandarin predominantly use conjunctions,while alternative questions formed with hai(“还”,or) and those without conjunctions are less common.Beijing Mandarin has the richest variety of sentence patterns,while the Hejian Prefecture dialect has the least variety.In terms of frequency,“Is it A,is it B?” is the dominant sentence pattern in the Hejian Prefecture dialect.The haishi type(“还是”,or) of alternative question is predominant in Southern Mandarin,while in Beijing Mandarin,the number of haishi type and shi type(“是”,is) alternative questions is roughly the same.From the Yuan and Ming dynasties to the early Qing period,the shi type was the dominant pattern in Northern Mandarin,while the haishi type was dominant in Southern Mandarin,reflecting regional linguistic characteristics.

关 键 词：河间府方言 选择问句 关联词 地域差异 

分 类 号：H109.3[语言文字—汉语]