莫来石纤维与二氧化硅气凝胶对防火涂料性能的影响  

Effects of mullite fiber and silica aerogel on properties of fire-retardant paint

作　　者：路林 张增辉 贺优优 LU Lin;ZHANG Zenghui;HE Youyou(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China;Shenyang Institute of Engineering,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学机械工程学院,辽宁沈阳110044 [2]沈阳工程学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《电镀与涂饰》2025年第1期30-36,共7页Electroplating & Finishing

摘　　要：[目的]通过改善膨胀炭层的强度来提高涂料的耐火性能。[方法]以环氧树脂乳液为成膜物质,聚磷酸铵(APP)、三聚氰胺(MEL)和双季戊四醇(DPER)为膨胀阻燃体系,二氧化钛为阻燃协效剂,制备出一种水性超薄膨胀型防火涂料。考察了二氧化硅气凝胶(Sa)与莫来石纤维(Mf)的添加对涂料防火性能的影响。采用小板燃烧法对涂层进行测试,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对燃烧后的炭化层进行表征与分析。[结果]添加了Sa和Mf的涂层(记为C-Sa-Mf)经耐火测试后,炭层的膨胀倍率为3.0,钢板背部的最高温度仅为337.8℃。相比于添加单一Sa或Mf的涂层,C-Sa-Mf涂层具有更加致密均匀的“蜂巢”状结构,表现出更加优异的阻燃隔热性能。在火焰的灼烧下,C-Sa-Mf涂层并未生成新的结晶相,也证实了Sa与Mf具有优异的热稳定性及耐高温性。[结论]Sa、Mf的加入使涂层中产生致密均匀的交联网状结构,使炭层的强度提高,从而阻止了炭层进一步分解,提高了涂料的耐火性能。[Objective]The attempt to enhance the fire resistance of paint by improving the strength of the expanded carbon layer was explored.[Method]A water-based ultrathin intumescent fire-retardant paint was prepared with epoxy emulsion as a binder,ammonium polyphosphate(APP),melamine(MEL),and dipentaerythritol(DPER)as expandable flame retardant system,and titania as flame-retardant synergist.The effects of silica aerogel(Sa)and mullite fiber(Mf)on the fire resistance of the paint were studied.The small-plate combustion testing was carried out,and the carbon layer formed after combustion were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).[Result]The expansion rate of carbonized layer was 3.0 for the paint containing both Sa and Mf(coded as C-Sa-Mf)after fire resistance test,and the maximum temperature of the back side of the coated steel plate was only 337.8℃during combustion.The C-Sa-Mf coating had a more compact and uniform honeycomb structure than the coating prepared with only Sa or Mf,showing superior flame retardance and thermal insulation performance.No new crystalline phase was formed in the C-Sa-Mf coating after combustion,confirming that Sa and Mf have excellent thermal stability and high-temperature resistance.[Conclusion]The addition of Sa and Mf makes a compact and uniform crosslinking network structure in the coating,which improves the strength of the carbonized layer and prevents the further decomposition of the carbonized layer,improving the fire resistance of the paint.

关 键 词：二氧化硅气凝胶 莫来石纤维 改性环氧树脂 水性膨胀型防火涂料 炭层强度 耐火性能 

分 类 号：TQ648.4[化学工程—精细化工]