口服酵母疫苗研究进展  

Research Progress of Oral Yeast-Based Vaccine

作　　者：李想 钟锐[1] 刘嘉馨[1] 陈利民[1] 曹晔[1] Li Xiang;Zhong Rui;Liu Jia-xin;Chen Li-min;Cao Ye(Institute of Blood Transfusion,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Chengdu 610052)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院输血研究所,成都610052

出　　处：《国外医药(抗生素分册)》2024年第6期393-401,共9页World Notes on Antibiotics

基　　金：中国医学科学院与健康科技创新工程项目(项目编号:2021-I2M-1-060)。

摘　　要：酵母作为一种单细胞微生物,以其全基因组序列的可获得性、良好的遗传性和非致病性,已被大量用作衍生药物载体。酵母作为疫苗载体的研究也方兴未艾,可以将目的蛋白在酵母细胞内表达,制成全重组酵母疫苗;也可将目的蛋白锚定在酵母细胞的表面,制得酵母表面展示疫苗。酵母载体介导的DNA疫苗则是以DNA质粒为载体,将编码具有免疫原性的抗原基因运送到宿主细胞中。这些酵母载体疫苗均可诱导机体的免疫应答,激活体液免疫反应和细胞免疫反应,进而达到疾病预防的目的。此外,酵母细胞壁含有的β-葡聚糖可作为天然的佐剂,进一步增强机体的免疫应答。本综述简述了几种常见的酵母表达系统,对口服酵母载体疫苗诱导宿主产生免疫应答的机制、研究进展与应用和存在的问题及展望等几个方面进行了介绍。Yeast,as a single-celled microorganism,has been used as a derivative drug carrier because of its whole genome sequence availability,great heritability and non-pathogenicity.Additionally,research on yeast as a vaccine vector is also in the ascendant,and the target proteins can be expressed in yeast cells to make a recombinant Whole Yeast Vaccine(WYV),or the target proteins can be anchored on the surface of yeast cells to make a Yeast Surface Displayed(YSD)vaccine.Oral yeast-based DNA vaccines effectively elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by delivering genes encoding immunogenic antigens to host cells via DNA plasmid vectors.All of these vaccines utilizing yeast vectors have the ability to stimulate the humoral and cellular immunological responses,so triggering the body's immune system and preventing disease.In addition,theβ-glucan contained in the yeast cytoderm can act as a natural adjuvant to further enhance immune responses.This study covers a number of common yeast expression systems in brief,as well as the mechanism by which oral yeast vector vaccines induce a host immune response,as well as the advancement,applications,issues,and future directions of the field.

关 键 词：酵母表达系统 口服疫苗 全重组酵母疫苗 酵母表面展示疫苗 DNA疫苗 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]