“前四史”中“大秦与犁鞬”的生成与演变  

The Formation and Evolution of “Daqin and Lijian” in the Four Early Historiographies

作　　者：郭子龙[1] Guo Zilong

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学世界古典文明史研究所

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第10期51-74,M0004,共25页Historical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“西方古典文明与古代近东文明的交往与融合”(17JJD770002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“大秦国一名犁鞬”是《后汉书·西域传》罗马帝国一节的起笔,作为早期中西交通史的重要记述,其中关涉地名考释引发百年聚讼。《后汉书·西域传》成书于5世纪中叶,但可追溯到更早的中西古典文献,涵盖相关历史著作乃至街谈巷说,保留了罗马从共和国演进至帝国的重要信息。“大秦”与“犁鞬”相提并论,反映了内战时代至弗拉维王朝的迁都传言,特别是罗马城与埃及亚历山大城作为权力中心的竞争关系。作为欧亚非交通中端的主导者,帕提亚与地中海世界和中国的交往,使罗马“东西两都”传言最终被改塑为“大秦”与“犁鞬”并列的叙述模式。The Book of the Later Han:Chronicle on the Western Regions(Houhanshu Xiyuzhuan) begins its chapter on the Roman Empire with the statement,“the Kingdom of Daqin is also called Lijian”.This account is significant as it represents China's earliest interactions with the West,and the use of place names has been a topic of controversy for centuries.Although the Chronicle was compiled in the mid-fifth century,it can be traced back to earlier classical Chinese and Western texts,including historical compilations,street gossip,and invaluable information about Rome's evolution from a republic to an empire.The simultaneous use of Daqin and Lijian reflects rumors of Capital relocation from the civil wars up to the Flavian dynasty and the contentious relationship between the city of Rome and Alexandria as the center of power.Eventually,it was Parthia at the crossroads of Afro-Eurasian transport routes and interaction between the Mediterranean and China that would reshape the rumors of Rome's “East-West Capitals” into the narrative pattern of “Daqin and Lijian”.

关 键 词：汉朝 罗马帝国 亚历山大城 帕提亚 中西交通 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]