乡村旅游地农户发展脆弱性的评价与优化——以广东珠海典型村为例  

Evaluation and optimization of farmer development vulnerability in rural tourism areas:a case study of typical villages in Zhuhai,Guangdong

作　　者：吴清 焦义彬 冯嘉晓 WU Qing;JIAO Yibing;FENG Jiaxiao(College of Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210000,China;College of Tourism and Historical Culture,Zhaoqing University,Zhaoqing 526061,Guangdong,China;School of Urban and Environmental Science,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]肇庆学院旅游与历史文化学院,广东肇庆526061 [3]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期158-168,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：中国博士后基金项目(2021M691621);广东省普通高校重点领域专项项目(2022ZDZX4057);广东省高校创新团队项目(2023WCXTD021).

摘　　要：该文以珠海市斗门区典型乡村旅游地为案例地,运用半结构访谈、参与式观察、问卷调查收集一手数据,借助综合指数与K值聚类法,对农户发展脆弱性进行评价与策略探究.研究表明:1)珠海市斗门区四个典型乡村旅游地总体脆弱性指数为0.409,中度脆弱性农户占36.33%,次低脆弱性农户占39.67%,次高级脆弱性农户占12%;2)采用熵值法确定乡村旅游地农户发展脆弱性总体情况,得出农户暴露性综合指数均值为0.332,最高为人为风险和市场风险.敏感性综合指数为0.409,适应力综合指数为0.332,社会资本排名最前.进一步做均值象限分析可得,大多数农户在低敏感-低暴露或低暴露-低适应阶段.借助t检验分析旅游主导型与兼营旅游型农户的脆弱性差异,结果表明在整体脆弱性和敏感性上,旅游主导型农户显著高于兼营旅游型农户.基于上述分析,该研究从提升乡村旅游地高脆弱性农户抗风险能力、精准施策改善农户生计、多元措施提升旅游主营型农户的发展基础等方面提出针对性建议.The paper takes typical rural tourism sites in Doumen District,Zhuhai City as case study areas and collects primary data through semi-structured interviews,participatory observation,and questionnaire surveys.By using comprehensive indices and K-value clustering methods,it evaluates and explores strategies for mitigating farmers'development vulnerability.Results are shown as follows.1)The overall vulnerability index of the four typical rural tourism sites in Doumen District,Zhuhai City,is 0.409,with 36.33%of farmers classified as moderately vulnerable,39.67%as low vulnerability,and 12%as sub-high vulnerability.2)Using the entropy method to determine the overall state of rural tourism farmers'vulnerability,the comprehensive exposure index average is 0.332,with the highest values attributed to human-induced risks and market risks.The comprehensive sensitivity index is 0.409,and the adaptive capacity index is 0.332,with social capital ranking highest.Further quadrant mean analysis indicates that most farmers fall into low sensitivity-low exposure or low exposure-low adaptation stages.Using t-tests to analyze the differences in vulnerability between tourism-dominated and diversified tourism farmers,results show that tourism-dominated farmers exhibit significantly higher overall vulnerability and sensitivity.Based on these analyses,the study proposes targeted recommendations,including enhancing high-vulnerability farmers'risk resilience,implementing precise measures to improve livelihoods,and adopting diverse approaches to strengthen the development foundation of tourism-dominated farmers.

关 键 词：乡村旅游地 农户发展脆弱性 优化对策 珠海市斗门区 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理] F327[经济管理—产业经济]