知识社会学视角下中国旅游高等教育反思与展望  

Reflection and Prospects of Tourism Higher Education in China from the Perspective of the Sociology of Knowledge

作　　者：刘俊 解佳[1] 保继刚 LIU Jun;XIE Jia;BAO Jigang(School of Tourism Management,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Research Center for Study Tour and Leisure Education,South China Normal Univrsiy,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-sen Universit,Zhuhai 519082,China;Center for Tourism Planning and Research,Sun Hat-sen Uninersit,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学旅游管理学院,广东广州510006 [2]华南师范大学研学旅行与休闲教育研究中心,广东广州510006 [3]中山大学旅游学院,广东珠海519082 [4]中山大学旅游发展与规划研究中心,广东广州510275

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2025年第2期149-162,共14页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目“文化和旅游行业人才培养战略、路径与对策研究”(19ZD26);国家社会科学基金项目“知识转移促进自然保护地生态产品价值实现的机制研究”(23BJY141);广东省社会科学规划项目“生态教育提升自然保护地乡村韧性的机制研究:以广东丹霞山为例”(GD22CYJ24);广东省教育科学规划课题“文旅融合背景下旅游高等教育促进粤港澳大湾区文化认同的路径研究”(2023GXJK100)共同资助。

摘　　要：经过40多年的发展,中国已经成为世界上旅游高等教育办学规模最大的国家,但旅游高等教育面临着生源流失、学生认同度低、与行业脱节等重重挑战。在高等教育内涵式发展的要求和新冠疫情对旅游业的巨大冲击面前,新时代中国旅游高等教育迫切需要深刻反思并寻求突破。文章基于知识社会学的理论视角,剖析中外旅游高等教育是如何被教育制度、产业需求、社会环境等多重力量所建构,在特定的历史情境下建立其合法性并获得发展,由此产生了旅游高等教育的Earn模式。Earn模式契合了旅游产业与高等教育产业迅速扩张的需要,但也因这两者发展路径的变化而陷入困境。基于此,文章提出Learn模式作为旅游高等教育创新发展的可能方向,Learn模式下的旅游高等教育倡导回归旅游活动的实践育人价值,融职业教育、审美教育与道德教育为一体,服务于人的全面发展,为满足人民对美好生活的向往作出贡献。After more than 40 years of development,China has become the country with the largest scale of tourism higher education in the world.However,tourism higher education faces numerous challenges,including a decline in student enrollment,low student engagement,and a disconnect from industry needs.In the context of the demand for connotative development in higher education and the severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry,there is an urgent need for deep reflection and breakthroughs in tourism higher education in China in the new era.This article analyzes how both Chinese and foreign tourism higher education systems have been constructed by multiple forces such as educational systems,industry demands,and social environments,from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge.It explores how these systems established their legitimacy and developed in specific historical contexts,which led to the emergence of the Earn model of tourism higher education.The Earn model aligns with the rapid expansion needs of both the tourism and higher education industries,but it has also fallen into difficulties due to changes in the developmental paths of these two industries.In light of this,the article proposes the Learn model as a possible direction for the innovative development of tourism higher education.Under the Learn model,tourism higher education advocates a return to the practical value of tourism activities in education.It integrates vocational education,aesthetic education,and moral education,aiming to serve the holistic development of individuals.This model seeks to contribute to meeting people's aspirations for a better life by fostering talent who are not only skilled in tourism but also well-rounded in terms of ethics,creativity,and social responsibility.By promoting the Learn model,the development of tourism higher education can become more in line with the evolving needs of society and the tourism industry,creating a stronger foundation for cultivating professionals who can adapt to the challenges

关 键 词：旅游高等教育 知识社会学 人的全面发展 内涵式发展 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]