论“轻率”作为结果加重犯的成立要件  

On“Recklessness”as An Element of Consequential Aggravated Offence

作　　者：郭蕤奇 Guo Ruiqi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2025年第1期62-83,共22页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：从危险出发,可为结果加重犯推导出两种成立要件:“直接性”与“轻率”。直接性未提出特殊的归责标准,且其强调的特殊危险不够周延,应在此基础上判断高度危险,及对应的主观轻率。在结果加重犯中,轻率是指由于显著的漫不经心而没有预见到任何人都应注意的危险因素,或是已经预见却因毫无顾忌而未能回避结果。轻率者对法规范的敌对无异于希望或放任结果发生,应对之处以故意犯的刑罚。在具体案件中判断“轻率”要经历三个步骤:首先是对高度危险的判断,对此应综合立法者预定的类型化危险和构成要件外的具体危险因素;其次要判断行为人是否由于漠不关心而未认识到高度危险,对此应考察行为人对危险源的了解程度及其对自身利益的考量程度;最后可根据本应履行的结果回避措施与现实履行之间的差距,判断结果回避义务是否被严重违反。From a perspective of risk,two elements can be derived for the establishment of consequential aggravated offence:“directness”and“recklessness”.Directness does not provide a special criterion for attribution,and its emphasis on special danger is not sufficiently broad,on the basis of which a high degree of danger should be judged,and the corresponding subjective recklessness.In the context of consequential aggravated offence,recklessness refers to the failure to foresee a risk factor that anyone should be aware of due to significant carelessness,or the failure to avoid the result due to lack of scruples despite having foreseen it.A reckless person\s hostility to the norms of the law is tantamount to hoping or letting the result occur,and he or she should be punished as an intentional offender.The judgement of“recklessness”in a specific case goes through three steps:firstly,the judgement of a high risk should consider the typed danger predetermined by the legislator and the specific danger factors outside the constituent elements;secondly,the judgement of whether the perpetrator fails to recognise a high risk due to indifference,which should be examined in terms of the perpetrator\s knowledge of risk source and the consideration of his own interests;lastly,a judgement may be made as to whether the obligation of avoiding consequences has been seriously violated on the basis of the gap between the measures of avoiding that should have been carried out and those that have been carried out actually.

关 键 词：结果加重犯 直接性 高度危险 轻率 注意义务 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]