传统司法中冤狱平反的理论逻辑——基于韩亿辨冤案的考察  

The Theoretical Logic of Rectifying Injustices in Traditional Judiciary

作　　者：蒋铁初 Jiang Tiechu

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学沈钧儒法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2025年第1期102-115,共14页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金重点项目“中国传统司法中的以情折狱及其现代意义研究”(项目编号:23AFX008);浙江省法学会2024年度重点课题“中国传统司法中冤狱平反的理论逻辑及当代价值”(项目编号:2024NA04)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宋代的韩亿辨冤案可分为冤狱形成与冤狱平反两个阶段。冤狱形成阶段又可分为造冤、成冤、沉冤三个环节,冤狱平反阶段则可分为疑冤、知冤、释冤三个环节。传统司法中五听、察情与据证相结合对该案的平反起到关键作用。准近取诸身与远取诸物的认识论及哀矜与慎刑的价值论则是五听、察情及据证能够兼用的理论基础。韩亿辨冤案过程中察色疑冤、察情知冤可以视为准近取诸身认识论的运用,而通过关键证人平反冤狱则是远取诸物认识论的运用。韩亿能够成功辨冤与其秉承哀矜与慎刑的折狱理念密不可分。通过对冤狱平反的类案考察,可知哀矜与慎刑理念对冤狱平反起到更为关键的作用。“The Han Yi Case”in the Song Dynasty can be divided into two stages:the formation of wrongful convictions and the rectification of wrongful convictions.The formation stage of unjust imprisonment can be further divided into three stages:creating injustice,achieving injustice,and settling injustice.The rectification stage can be further divided into three stages:suspecting injustice,knowing injustice,and releasing injustice.The combination of listening,investigation,and evidence in traditional justice plays a crucial role in the vindication of the case.The theory of“taking from the body nearby,and from natural things far away”in traditional Chinese justice,as well as the value theory of mourning and cautious punishment,are the theoretical bases for the combination of listening,investigation,and evidence.In“The Han Yi Case”,the application of the theory of“taking from the body nearby,and from natural things far away”is the examination of color,suspicion,and emotion,as well as using key witnesses to rectify wrongful convictions.The successful rectification of“The Han Yi Case”rectifying is closely related to his adherence to the principles of mourning and cautious punishment when judging lawsuits.By examining,it can be seen that the concepts of mourning and cautious punishment play a more crucial role in cases of rectification of unjust imprisonment.

关 键 词：冤狱平反 韩亿 近取诸身 哀矜慎刑 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]