含氟氯氧化锌烟尘的梯级处理工艺试验研究  

Cascade Treatment Process of Zinc Oxide Smelting Dust Containing Fluorine and Chlorine

作　　者：吴星琳 WU Xinglin(Zijin Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghang 364200,China;College of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建上杭364200 [2]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《湿法冶金》2025年第1期74-81,共8页Hydrometallurgy of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1900405)。

摘　　要：针对氧化锌冶炼烟尘中氟氯含量高,直接返回系统易导致阴阳极板腐蚀、电积锌质量差等问题,研究了采用“酸浸—石灰一次中和除氟—石灰二次中和沉锌”梯级处理工艺从氧化锌冶炼烟尘中回收锌。结果表明:在浸出温度80℃、浸出终点pH=1.0、液固体积质量比4/1、浸出时间1 h优化工艺条件下,Zn、F、Cl浸出率分别为96.15%、95.26%、97.44%;用石灰调节酸浸液沉淀反应终点pH至5.2时,氟沉淀率为95.17%,而锌损失率仅为1.73%;用石灰二次调节除氟后液沉淀反应终点pH为8.0时,锌全部沉淀,所得中和渣中锌质量分数为24%左右;全流程工艺的氟、氯脱除率分别约为92%、97%,锌回收率>90%,同时铅、银可进入酸浸渣中加以回收。该工艺可实现危害元素氟、氯的高效脱除,以及锌、铅、银的有效回收,具有一定推广价值。Aiming at the problems of high content of fluorine and chloride in zinc oxide smelting dust,corrosion of anode and cathode plate and poor quality of zinc electrodeposition caused by direct return system,a step process of"acid leaching—defluorination of leaching liquid lime—neutralization of zinc after defluorination"was studied to recover zinc from zinc oxide smelting dust.The results show that under the optimal conditions of leaching temperature of 80℃,leaching termination point pH=1.0,liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 4/1 and leaching time of 1 h,the leaching rates of Zn,F and Cl are 96.15%,95.26%and 97.44%,respectively.When the pH of lime and fluorine-containing soot acid leaching solution is 5.2,the fluorine precipitation rate is 95.17%,while the zinc loss rate is only 1.73%.After fluoride removal,when the liquid is further neutralized with lime to pH=8.0,all zinc can be precipitated,and the mass fraction of zinc in the obtained neutralized slag is about 24%.The removal rates of fluorine and chlorine in the whole process are about 92%and 97%,respectively,the recovery rate of zinc is more than 90%,and the lead and silver can be recovered into the acid leaching residue.The process can realize the efficient removal of harmful elements fluorine and chlorine and the effective recovery of zinc,lead and silver,and has a certain popularization value.

关 键 词：氧化锌烟尘 锌 电积 浸出 氟 氯 脱除 梯级处理工艺 

分 类 号：TF803.21[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF813