泡沫灭火剂中关键表面活性剂组分的结构与研究进展  

Structure and research progress of key surfactant components in foam fire extinguishing agents

作　　者：郭科宇 王钧奇 李翔宇 潘煜 冯亚青[1,3] 张宝 GUO Keyu;WANG Junqi;LI Xiangyu;PAN Yu;FENG Yaqing;ZHANG Bao(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300355,China;Jiangsu Suolong Fire Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xinghua 225753,Jiangsu,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300355 [2]江苏锁龙消防科技股份有限公司,江苏兴化225753 [3]天津化工协同创新中心,天津300072

出　　处：《精细化工》2025年第1期62-68,94,共8页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3004904)。

摘　　要：泡沫灭火剂通过阻隔氧气、降低燃料温度和阻止燃料蒸汽释放与空气接触等方式来有效控制或扑灭火灾,其关键组分为降低水与油品界面张力的表面活性剂。目前,泡沫灭火剂中采用的表面活性剂主要是全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS),即含氟泡沫灭火剂。然而,因PFOS对环境与健康的危害而受到严格管控,因此亟需开发其替代物。该文简述了含氟泡沫灭火剂中PFOS的危害性,重点探讨了PFOS的替代物,即C4短链全氟烷基磺酸表面活性剂、含CF_(3)CF_(2)CF_(2)C(CF_(3))_(2)基团支链的氟表面活性剂、引入醚键的氟碳表面活性剂以及有机硅表面活性剂的结构特点与开发现状,最后对上述表面活性剂的应用前景进行了展望,通过对分子结构进行调整或改良,有望提高表面活性和应用效果,实现对PFOS的替代,进而制备出新型高效泡沫灭火剂。Foam extinguishing agents,with key components of surfactants that reduce the interfacial tension between water and oil,can effectively control or extinguish fires by oxygen blockage,fuel temperature reduction,and prevention of fuel vapor from releasing into contact with air.At present,the surfactant used in foam extinguishing agents is mainly perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS),that is,fluorinated foam extinguishing agents,which is strictly regulated due to its environmental and health hazards.Therefore,development of alternatives to PFOS is in great urgency.Herein,the hazards of PFOS in fluorine-containing foam fire extinguishing agents were briefly discussed.The structural characteristics and development status of the alternatives to PFOS,namely C4 short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid surfactants,fluorosurfactants containing CF_(3)CF_(2)CF_(2)C(CF_(3))_(2) group branched chains,and fluorocarbon surfactants containing ether bonds and organosilicon surfactants,were then introduced.Finally,the application prospect of the above-mentioned surfactants was discussed.Adjusting or improving the molecular structure will enhance the surface activity and application effect,and achieve the replacement of PFOS,so as to prepare a new high-efficiency foam fire extinguishing agents.

关 键 词：泡沫灭火剂 全氟辛烷磺酸 结构特点 有机硅表面活性剂 绿色环保 

分 类 号：TQ630[化学工程—精细化工]