巴西的全球南方外交:基于身份塑造的政策体系  

Brazil's Global Southern Diplomacy:A Policy System Based on Identity Shaping

作　　者：何露杨[1,2] He Luyang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所 [2]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所巴西研究中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2024年第6期62-81,164,共21页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目“全球变局下拉美一体化的新局面与路径探索”(编号:23ZKJC112)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自二战结束以来,第三世界和全球南方作为有别于传统西方大国的多数群体受到广泛的国际关注,并逐渐成为平衡国际权力结构的重要力量。在巴西,关于国家身份定位的争论一直存在,在多数时间里巴西更强调南方国家和发展中国家的国家身份。自进入21世纪以来,随着新兴市场国家群体性崛起以及国际体系转型的持续演进,巴西对南方国家的身份定位愈加清晰,并且围绕南方国家的身份塑造逐步建立起较为完善的对外政策体系。总体来看,基于全球南方对经济发展、外交空间、全球影响力的可支撑性,巴西的全球南方外交紧扣经济发展、全球治理、议题引领三大主题,在地区一体化建设、跨区域南南合作、南北对话三个层次均展现出较强的身份塑造意识。中国和巴西分别是东西半球最大的南方国家,两国合作对于全球南方合作大局至关重要。鉴于此,中巴两国可以通过地区和全球“双轮驱动”的模式,深化全球南方身份共识,以发展和全球治理为合作抓手,携手引领国际政治经济秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。Since the end of the Second World War,the Third World and the Global South have received widespread international attention as a majority country group distinct from the traditional Western powers,and have increasingly become important forces in balancing international power structures.In Brazil,there has always been a debate about its national identity,mostly emphasising the identity of"southern"and"developing"country.Since the beginning of the 21st century,with the continuous collective rise of the emerging countries and the transformation of the international system,Brazil's identity positioning towards the South has become increasingly clear,and a relatively complete foreign policy system has gradually been established around the identity shaping of the Southern countries.Overall,Brazil's Global South diplomacy,based on the role of the Global South in supporting economic development,expanding diplomatic space,and enhancing global influence,closely follows three themes,i.e.,economic development,global governance,and issue leadership.It shows a strong sense of identity-building at three levels,i.e.,regional integration,interregional South-South cooperation,and North-South dialogue.China and Brazil are the largest Southern countries in the Eastern and Western hemisphere respectively,and cooperation between the two countries is crucial for the solidarity of the Global South.Against this background,China and Brazil can deepen the consensus on the identity of the Global South through a"two-wheel"drive model,i.e.,cooperation at both the regional level.China and Brazil should work together to steer the international political and economic order toward a more just direction,focusing on development and global governance.

关 键 词：“全球南方” 巴西 政策定位 战略安排 中巴关系 

分 类 号：D877.7[政治法律—政治学] D837[政治法律—外交学]