危机情境中公共服务供需正义转换研究  

Research on the Justice Conversion of Public Service Supply and Demand in Crisis Situation

作　　者：史军[1] Shi Jun

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学公共管理学院,贵州省贵阳市550025

出　　处：《政治学研究》2024年第6期85-97,M0007,共14页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“民族地区基本公共服务可及性问题研究”(23BZZ028)的研究成果。

摘　　要：危机情境中公共服务供需适配是提高公共危机治理效能的关键举措。基于人的不同需求层次,现代国家建构起生命安全、生存资料、生活资源、发展机会叠加累积的公共服务层级结构,形成了总体供给与分散自取的散点式公共服务运作体制,进而塑造出秩序、正义、自由层级递进的公共价值位阶体系。陷入危机情境中,人的境况突变导致即时性需求迅速下沉集中到生命安全和生存资料层面并达到峰值,造成公共服务资源严重挤兑,诱发生存竞争和价值下跌。为此,应当确立“最大多数人的最大幸福”和“最不利成员的最大利益”让渡于“紧迫急需优先”(危机遭受者的最紧迫需求优先)的正义观,力促紧迫急需得到优先回应,缓解基础性公共服务供需矛盾,避免公共伦理道德急速恶化引发系统性危机。因此,亟待构建由政府、企业、社会组织和公民组成的协同联动供给网络,合力将紧迫性公共服务快速精准送达具体的需求点位,提升公共危机治理效能。The adaptation of public service supply and demand in crisis situations is a key measure to improve the effectiveness of public crisis governance. Based on the different levels of human needs,modern countries have constructed a hierarchical structure of public services in which life safety,survival materials, living resources and development opportunities are superimposed and accumulated,forming a scattered public service operation system with overall supply and decentralized self-acquisition,and then shaping a public value hierarchy system with order,justice and freedom. In the crisis situation,the sudden change of people 's situation leads to the rapid sinking of immediate needs,which is concentrated on the level of life safety and survival data and reaches the peak,resulting in a serious run on public service resources,inducing competition for survival and falling value. To this end,we should establish the concept of justice that “the greatest happiness of the most majority of people ”and “the best interests of the most disadvantaged members ”are transferred to“urgent need priority”( the most urgent needs of the victims of the crisis are given priority),and urge the urgent and urgent need to be given priority response,alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of basic public services,and avoid a systematic crisis caused by the rapid deterioration of public ethics. Therefore,it is urgent to build a collaborative supply network composed of government,enterprises,social organizations and citizens to work together to quickly and accurately deliver urgent public services to specific demand points and improve the effectiveness of public crisis governance.

关 键 词：危机情境 需求下沉 正义转换 公共服务 公共价值位阶 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]