动员型分配、“找回群众”与超越基层治理内卷化  

Mobilization Distribution,“Retrieving the Masses”and Surmount the Internalization of Grassroots Governance

作　　者：陈文琼 刘建平 Chen Wenqiong;Liu Jianping

机构地区：[1]中南大学公共管理学院,湖南省长沙市410083 [2]湖北大学,湖北省武汉市430062

出　　处：《政治学研究》2024年第6期129-139,M0009,共12页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“城乡融合背景下农村土地资源整合机制研究”(21CSH012)的研究成果。

摘　　要：从学界对基层治理的研究来看,后税费时期以来,基层依次经历了以悬浮型政权和分配型政权为特征的两个不同阶段,两个阶段都深受群众缺位的困扰;如何“找回群众”,在一些地区基层行政空转、治理内卷化、监督失灵的背景下,成为重大理论问题和现实挑战。在田野调查和经验比较分析的基础上,本文发现:首先,在以分配型政权为特征的基层治理背景下,改造乡村的项目资源进村主要有包办型分配和动员型分配两种方式;其次,在降低交易成本、减轻农民负担的双重限制下,包办型分配成为主流,也由此带来了项目供给低效、多主体负债和基层治理内卷化等后果;最后,动员型分配方式将动员作为自上而下配套项目资金的前提,在动员过程中实现了农民集体行动能力的重塑和村庄协商型民主机制的构建,真正实现了农民诉求与项目资源的有机对接,为超越基层治理内卷化提供了实现路径。From the academic research on the grass-roots governance,since the post-tax period,the grass-roots has successively experienced two different stages characterized by the suspension regime and the distribution regime,both of which are deeply troubled by the absence of the masses;How to“retrieving the masses”has become a major theoretical and practical challenge under the background of idling of grass-roots administration,internal governance and supervision failure in some areas.On the basis of field investigation and comparative analysis of experience,this paper finds that:First of all,under the background of grass-roots governance characterized by distributive political power,there are two main ways of allocating project resources into villages:arranged distribution and mobilization distribution;Secondly,under the double restrictions of reducing transaction costs and reducing farmers'burden,the arranged distribution has become the mainstream,which also brings the consequences of inefficient project supply,multi-subject debt and the internalization of grass-roots governance.Finally,the mobilization distribution method takes mobilization as the premise of top-down supporting project funds,and realizes the reshaping of collective action ability and the construction of village consultative democratic mechanism in the mobilization process,truly realizes the organic docking of farmers'demands and project resources,and provides the realization path beyond the internalization of grassroots governance.

关 键 词：基层治理 资源下乡 包办型分配 动员型分配 “找回群众” 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]