转折与局限:近代英国个人破产免责制度的形成  

Transition and Limitation:Formation of Personal Bankruptcy Discharge in Modern British

作　　者：袁跃华 YUAN Yuehua(History Institute,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学历史学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《石家庄学院学报》2025年第1期80-86,107,共8页Journal of Shijiazhuang University

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代英国个人破产法研究”(22CSS010)。

摘　　要：1705年《破产法》是近代英国个人破产免责制度建立的标志。该法规定破产者只要符合法律的要求,就可以免除继续清偿债务责任。16世纪以来没有免责制度的个人破产制度有许多缺陷与不足,因而17世纪以来社会思潮与议会实践活动之间的互动中,缔造了破产免责制度。该制度的建立影响深远,首先,它有利于实现债权人与债务人双方的利益;其次,免除诚实且不幸破产者未能清偿的余债,有利于其获得重生,提高债务人再次创造生产价值的积极性;最后,激励破产者主动公开财产,促进了英国信用社会的形成。免责制度的建立标志着近代英国个人破产制度的转型。The Bankruptcy Law of 1705 marks the establishment of the bankruptcy discharge system in modern British.The law stipulates that bankrupts can be discharged from continuing to pay off debts as long as they meet the legal requirements.Since the 16th century,the bankruptcy system without discharge has many defects and deficiencies.Therefore,in the interaction between social trends and parliamentary practices since the 17th century,the bankruptcy discharge has been created.The establishment of this system has far-reaching implications.Firstly,it is conducive to realizing the interests of both creditors and debtors.Secondly,the discharge of the unliquidated debts of the honest and unfortunate bankrupt is conducive to its rebirth,and promotes the enthusiasm of the debtor to create productive value again.Finally,its establishment encourages the bankrupt to disclose his property actively promotes the formation of British credit society.The establishment of the discharge system marks the transformation of the bankruptcy system in modern Britain.

关 键 词：个人破产免责 近代英国 诚实且不幸的破产者 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]