天然气管输费两部制定价模式的可行性分析  

Feasibility analysis of a two-part pricing model for natural gas pipeline transportation tariffs

作　　者：孟可心 张媛媛[1] 陈思敏 MENG Kexin;ZHANG Yuanyuan;CHEN Simin(School of Economics and Management,China University of Petroleum(Beijing);PipeChina Engineering Technology Innovation Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院 [2]国家管网集团工程技术创新有限公司

出　　处：《油气储运》2025年第1期98-108,共11页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“多零售商面临资金约束时供应商预付款融资策略研究”,71601184。

摘　　要：【目的】随着中国推进“全国一张网”管网建设,传统的一部制管输定价难以满足市场需求,而两部制定价采用固定费用与变动费用分担风险,更适应天然气市场的波动发展,有利于促进资源的有效配置。【方法】考虑运距因素,基于上层管网企业与下层用户之间的Stackelberg博弈模型,提出天然气管输费两部制定价模式。设计了城镇燃气优先保供分配机制,并对管网企业与下游用户之间效益最大化时的定价策略及管容分配进行了探讨。从价格敏感性、城镇燃气运距、市场饱和量对管输定价、管网效益影响的角度进行敏感性分析,并选取冀宁线、平泰支干线、川气东送二线等多条管道对比“一部制”与“两部制”定价的差异,验证新建模型的实用性及有效性。【结果】以冀宁线为例,利用Matlab软件进行算例分析:两部制定价模式下的天然气管输费得到了优化,并保障了管网效益;当价格敏感性高时,可适当降低管容定价,保持用户基础;市场饱和量增加则可提高管网效益、管道利用率,定价受供需影响而发生改变;当城镇燃气运距增加时,根据运价率涨幅的临界点调整其定价,考虑运距的定价能够适应市场变化,不仅对保障能源供应、控制成本、提升服务质量至关重要,对市场发展也具有积极影响。【结论】基于Stackelberg博弈模型的两部制定价模式,在优化资源分配与适应市场变化方面具有较好的可行性,可为天然气市场定价机制改革提供参考。[Objective]With the advancement of China’s construction of a“national network”of oil and gas pipelines,the traditional onepart pricing system has struggled to meet market demands.In contrast,a two-part pricing system,which allocates risks through a combination of fixed and variable charges,is better adapted to the fluctuating dynamics of the natural gas market and promotes the effective allocation of resources.[Methods]Taking transport distances into account,based on a Stackelberg game model involving upper-level pipeline network enterprises and lower-level users,a two-part pricing model for natural gas pipeline transportation tariffs is proposed:unit pipeline capacity subscription fees plus the products of rates and transport distances.This paper presents the design of an allocation priority mechanism to guarantee urban gas supply and explores pricing strategies and pipeline capacity allocation aimed at maximizing the benefits for both pipeline network enterprises and downstream users.Additionally,sensitivity analysis was carried out from the perspectives of price sensitivity,transport distances for urban gas supply,and the influences of market saturation on pipeline transmission pricing and pipeline network benefits.Furthermore,several pipelines such as the Jining Pipeline,Pingdingshan−Taian Branch,and Second Sichuan to East Gas Transmission Pipeline,were selected to compare the differences between the“one-part system”and“two-part system”,thereby verifying the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed model.[Results]The analysis based on the Jining Pipeline,utilizing Matlab software,yielded the following results:(1)The fixed charges within the two-part pricing model enhance tariff optimization for natural gas pipeline transportation,ensuring pipeline network benefits.(2)In scenarios with high price sensitivity,the pipeline capacity fees may be appropriately reduced to sustain the user base.(3)Increased market saturation can lead to improved pipeline network benefits and a higher utilization

关 键 词：天然气 管输费 STACKELBERG博弈模型 两部制定价 管网企业 管道容量分配 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程] C939[经济管理—管理学]