New insights into the environmental photochemistry of common-use antibiotics in ice and in water:A comparison of kinetics and influencing factors  

作　　者：Linke Ge Siyuan Wang Crispin Halsall Xuanyan Li Dongxiao Bai Shengkai Cao Peng Zhang 

机构地区：[1]School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an,710021,PR China [2]Lancaster Environment Centre,Lancaster University,Lancaster,LA14YQ,United Kingdom

出　　处：《Emerging Contaminants》2024年第4期301-307,共7页新兴污染物(英文)

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976045 and 22076112);China Scholarship Council(CSC)Scholarship(202308610123,202208610125);the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024SF-YBXM-567);the Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants(SHJKFJJ202318).

摘　　要：The photochemistry of organic contaminants present in ice is receiving growing attention,given the wide presence of ice during winter in temperate regions as well as Polar and mountain environments.Differences between ice photochemistry and aqueous photochemistry,however,influence the quanti-tative fate and transformation of organic chemicals present in freshwater,marine and ice-cap environ-ments and these differences need to be explored.Here we comparatively studied the ice and aqueous photochemistry of three antibiotics[levofloxacin(LVX),sulfamerazine(SM),and chlortetracycline(CTC)]under the same simulated sunlight(λ>290 nm).Their photodegradation in ice/water followed pseudo-first-order kinetics,whereby the photolytic rates of LVX in ice and water were found to be similar,SM photodegraded faster in ice,while CTC underwent slower photodegradation in ice.Whether individual antibiotics underwent faster photodegradation in ice or not depends on the specific concentration effect and cage effect coexisting in the ice compartment.In most cases,the fastest photodegradation occurred in freshwater ice or in fresh water,and the slowest photolysis occurred in pure-water ice or in pure water.This can be attributed to the effects of key photochemical reactive constituents of Cl^(-),HA,NO_(3)^(-)and Fe(Ⅲ),that exist in natural waters.These constituents at certain levels showed significant effects(P<0.1)on the photolysis,not only in ice but also in water.However,these individual constituents at a given concentration,serve to either enhance or suppress the photoreaction,depending on the specific antibiotic and the matrix type(e.g.,ice or aqueous solution).Furthermore,extrapolation of the laboratory findings to cold environments indicate that pharmaceuticals present in ice will have a different photofate compared to water.These results are of particular relevance for those regions that experience seasonal ice cover in fresh water and coastal marine systems.

关 键 词：Ice photochemistry Aqueous photochemistry ANTIBIOTICS KINETICS Influencing factors 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]