基于遥感信息的无监测资料流域氮磷非点源污染源污染通量估算研究  

Estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution fluxes in basins without monitoring data based on remote sensing information

作　　者：李好 杨胜天[1] 娄和震 任霄玉 丁建新[1] 王怀星 王雪蕾 冯爱萍 李怀宝 LI Hao;YANG Shengtian;LOU Hezhen;REN Xiaoyu;DING Jianxin;WANG Huaixing;WANG Xuelei;FENG Aiping;LI Huaibao(College of Water Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Beijing Artificial Weather Modification Center,Beijing 100089;Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment,MEE,Beijing 100094;Huadian Jinsha River Upstream Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.Lawa Branch,Changdu 854000)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]北京市人工影响天气中心,北京100089 [3]生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094 [4]华电金沙江上游水电开发有限公司拉哇分公司,昌都854000

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第1期262-271,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(No.SQ2021xjkk02400);北京市自然科学基金委员会青年基金(No.8234071)。

摘　　要：中国仍然存在许多面源污染严重但缺乏水文监测的流域,估算这些流域面源污染物入河通量十分困难.为了解决这一问题,本研究选择密云水库上游流域为典型实验区,利用EcoHAT模型以及遥感水文站技术,进行了2001—2022年月尺度氮磷面源污染过程模拟,并通过量化岸边带植被对污染物的过滤能力,对模拟结果进行修正,完成面源污染通量估算.结果表明:(1)所构建的修正模型具有良好的精度,R2在0.69以上,均方根误差(RMSE)在0.07以下;(2)模拟结果通过修正后精度提高较为显著,8个子流域总氮入河通量结果修正前NSE范围为0.61~0.72,修正后NSE范围提高到0.77~0.86.总磷入河通量结果修正前NSE范围为0.61~0.75,修正后NSE范围提升至0.76~0.82;(3)经过修正后密云水库上游流域2001—2022年总氮、总磷面源污染入河通量分别为25849.59、682.49 t,与修正前相比下降了35.19%和27.04%,总体来看流域总氮、总磷面源污染入河通量均呈下降趋势,其中总氮变化速率为-1.66 t·a^(-1);总磷变化速率为-0.07 t·a^(-1).There are still many basins in China that suffer from serious non-point source pollution but lack hydrological monitoring.Estimating the nonpoint source pollutant fluxes into rivers in these basins is very difficult.To solve this problem,this study selected the upstream basin of Miyun Reservoir as a typical experimental area,using the EcoHAT model and remote sensing hydrological station technology to simulate the process of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution on a monthly scale from 2001 to 2022.By quantifying the filtering capacity of vegetation on the riparian to pollutants,the simulation results were corrected to complete the estimation of non-point source pollution fluxes.The results showed that:(1)The constructed correction model had good accuracy,with R2 above 0.69 and RMSE lower than 0.07;(2)The accuracy of the simulation results improved significantly after correction,with the NSE range for total nitrogen inflow flux before correction ranging from 0.61 to 0.72,and the NSE range after correction increasing to 0.77 to 0.86.The NSE range for total phosphorus inflow flux before correction ranged from 0.61 to 0.75,and the NSE range after correction increased to 0.76 to 0.82;(3)After correction,the total nitrogen and total phosphorus non-point source pollution inflow fluxes in the Miyun Reservoir upstream watershed from 2001 to 2022 were 25849.59 t and 682.49 t,respectively,which decreased by 35.19%and 27.04%compared to before correction.Overall,the total nitrogen and total phosphorus non-point source pollution inflow fluxes in the watershed showed a downward trend,with a total nitrogen change rate of-1.66 t·a^(-1)and a total phosphorus change rate of-0.07 t·a^(-1).

关 键 词：缺水文数据流域 遥感水文站 EcoHAT模型 面源污染 通量估算 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X17