底栖动物添加及原位钝化对底泥疏浚强化效果研究  

Study on enhancement effect of benthic animals addition and in situ passivation on sediment dredging

作　　者：全志道 薛同站 胡家良 韩毅 张沐 李卫华 杨欣蕾 黄俊杰 尹洪斌[3,4] QUAN Zhidao;XUE Tongzhan;HU Jialiang;HAN Yi;ZHANG Mu;LI Weihua;YANG Xinlei;HUANG Junjie;YIN Hongbin(School of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601;Chaohu Lake Bureau of Anhui Province,Chaohu 238000;State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Nanjing 211135;Shanghai Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200335;School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,合肥230601 [2]安徽省巢湖管理局,巢湖238000 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [4]中国科学院大学南京学院,南京211135 [5]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200335 [6]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第1期292-301,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：巢湖生态清淤试点工程生态清淤试验研究及跟踪监测项目(No.2021BFMBZ01492)。

摘　　要：以西巢湖为研究对象,通过室内模拟实验向已疏浚柱状样添加镧改性膨润土(LMB,商品名Phoslock■)、铜锈环棱螺、河蚬及螺蚬组合,研究钝化材料和底栖动物强化疏浚效果.采用平衡式间隙水技术(Peeper)测定间隙水NH_(4)^(+)-N和可溶性活性磷(SRP)浓度并计算沉积物-水界面交换通量,通过分级提取实验分析底泥磷形态.结果显示,在疏浚的基础上添加Phoslock,上覆水TP、SRP浓度及间隙水NH_(4)^(+)-N、SRP扩散通量显著下降,TN浓度上升为疏浚组的1.3倍.投加底栖动物相较于疏浚组上覆水氮、磷浓度及间隙水NH_(4)^(+)-N扩散通量均有不同程度的上升,SRP扩散通量下降了3.6%~53.6%.Phoslock和底栖动物均能进一步减少沉积物中TN、TP和OM的含量,削减范围分别为4.8%~12.3%、14.2%~39.2%和4.5%~20.1%.磷形态结果表明,Phoslock和河蚬可以削减沉积物中活性磷在总磷的占比,削减量分别为25.9%和22.4%,而加入铜锈环棱螺沉积物中活性磷占比为疏浚组的1.3倍.以上结果表明,Phoslock能够进一步强化疏浚对沉积物中氮、磷的控制效果;加入底栖动物降低了沉积物中污染物含量及间隙水中SRP扩散通量,但上覆水氮、磷浓度及界面NH_(4)^(+)-N扩散通量有所升高,强化疏浚效果并不理想.In this study,the West Chaohu Lake was the research object,the effect of enhanced dredging was stydied through adding Lanthanum modified bentonite(LMB,Phoslock■),Bellamya aeruginosa,Corbicula fluminea,the combination of Bellamya aeruginosa and Corbicula fluminea to the dredged column samples by indoor simulation experiment.The contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP)in pore water were measured by pore water balance technique(Peeper)and the exchange fluxes at sediment-water interface were calculated.The phosphorus forms of sediment were analyzed by fractional extraction experiments.The results showed that the contents of TP and SRP in the overlying water and the diffusion flux of NH_(4)^(+)-N and SRP in pore water were decreased significantly,and the contents of TN was 1.3 times of that in the dredging group,on the basis of dredging.Compared with the dredging group,when adding benthic animals the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the overlying water and the diffusion flux of NH_(4)^(+)-N in pore water increased in varying degrees,the diffusion flux of SRP was reduced by 3.6%~53.6%.The addition of Phoslock and benthic animals could further reduce the contents of TN,TP and OM in the dredged sediment by 4.8%~12.3%,14.2%~39.2%and 4.5%~20.1%,respectively.The results of phosphorus forms showed that Phoslock and Corbicula fluminea could reduce the proportion of mobile phosphorus in total phosphorus in sediment by 25.9%and 22.4%,while the proportion of mobile phosphorus of Bellamya aeruginosa was 1.3 times of that in dredging groups.The above studies showed that Phoslock could further enhanced the control effect of dredging on nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment;the addition of benthic animals reduced the contents of pollutants in sediment and the diffusion flux of SRP in the pore water,while the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the overlying water and the diffusion flux of NH_(4)^(+)-N at the sediment-water interface increased,so the effect of enhanced dredging was unsatisfact

关 键 词：西巢湖 内源污染 疏浚 钝化材料 底栖动物 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]