社会资本影响居民多孩生育意愿——基于阶层认同的机制检验  

Effect of social capital on residents willingness to have more than one child-a mechanism validation based on class identity

作　　者：张兴梅 陆方[1,2] ZHANG Xingmei;LU Fang(School of Health Policy&Management,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211166,China;Laboratory for Digital Intelligence&Health Gouernance,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211166,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学医政学院,江苏南京211166 [2]南京医科大学数智技术与健康治理实验室,江苏南京211166

出　　处：《卫生软科学》2025年第2期19-25,共7页Soft Science of Health

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队-公共健康政策与管理创新研究团队(2020SK001)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析社会资本对居民多孩生育意愿的影响,为打破个体生育孤立困局、提振生育意愿提供参考。[方法]基于CGSS 2021调查数据,筛选出2695名49岁以下居民为研究对象,采用二元Logistic回归对多孩生育意愿进行分析。[结果] 69.76%的居民有多孩生育意愿,34.06%的居民已经生育多孩,未育者中56.77%的居民有多孩生育意愿,育有一孩者中59.03%的居民有多孩生育意愿;男性、育龄中后期、已育、低教育程度群体中存在多孩生育意愿的比例更高;居民多孩生育意愿与社会资本(P<0.01)、阶层认同、性别、年龄、婚姻、地区、宗教信仰、家庭规模呈显著正相关,与受教育程度、城乡呈显著负相关。[结论]社会资本正向影响居民多孩生育意愿且存在区域差异;相较结构型社会资本,认知型社会资本的提升效应更显著;阶层认同在社会资本与多孩生育意愿间发挥部分中介作用;建议重视居民社会资本的培育和发展、淡化差距提升阶层认同,促进多孩生育意愿。Objective To analyze the effect of social capital on residents willingness to have more than one child,and to provide the reference for breaking the isolation of individual fertility and boosting the willingness to have children.Methods Based on the data of CGSS 2021,2695 residents under the age of 49 were screened as the subjects,and the willingness to have more than one child was analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results 69.76%of the residents had a desire to have more than one child.34.06%of the residents had already given birth to more than one child.56.77%of the residents without children had the intention to have more than one child,and 59.03%of those who had one child had the intention to have more children.The proportion of willingness to have more than one child in male,middle and late childbearing age,already having children and low education level groups was higher.The residents intention to have more than one child was positively correlated with the social capital(P<0.01),class identity,gender,age,marriage,region,religious beliefs and family size,and negatively correlated with education level and urban and rural areas.Conclusions Social capital positively affects residents willingness to have children and there are regional differences.Compared with structural social capital,cognitive social capital has a more significant enhancement effect.Class identity plays a partial mediating role between social capital and the willingness to have children.It is recommended to pay attention to the cultivation and development of residents social capital,dilute disparities to enhance class identity,so as to promote the willingness of having more children.

关 键 词：生育意愿 结构型社会资本 认知型社会资本 阶层认同 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学] C912.3