灾害情境下煤矿应急标志的优化设计研究  

Research on optimized design of emergency signs in coal mine under disaster situation

作　　者：蒋方[1,2] 孙妍琳 张欣毅 景国勋 JIANG Fang;SUN Yanlin;ZHANG Xinyi;JING Guoxun(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China;Postdoctoral Station of Safety Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China;Zhongyuan Oilfield Emergency Rescue Center,China Petroleum&Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Puyang Henan 457001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院,河南焦作454003 [2]河南理工大学安全科学与工程博士后流动站,河南焦作454003 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司中原油田应急救援中心,河南濮阳457001

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2025年第1期87-93,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：河南省科技发展计划(科技攻关)项目(232102320239);河南省博士后科研项目(202103073);国家自然科学基金项目(52374196)。

摘　　要：为提升煤矿在灾害情境下的应急疏散效率与安全性,基于国内外安全标志设计标准,探讨3种灾害情境下煤矿应急疏散标志的优化设计。采用客观眼动实验与主观问卷调查相结合的方法,在严格参照国内外安全标志标准的基础上,保留传统安全标志作为基准(样式Ⅰ),并创新性地设计2种新型应急疏散标志:样式Ⅱ(融合箭头、象形、人形图案及文字)与样式Ⅲ(包含箭头、象形灾害图案及文字)。研究结果表明:样式Ⅱ在首次注视时长上显著优于其他设计,数据表明其用时最短,且识别和反应速度均为最快;原始样式(样式Ⅰ)与样式Ⅱ在主观识别时间上相近,但二者均明显优于样式Ⅲ;煤矿企业在设计应急疏散标志时,可优先考虑采用样式Ⅱ的设计方案,以提高应急撤离的速度与安全保障。研究结果可为煤矿企业在灾害情境下优化应急疏散标志设计提供方向。In order to improve the emergency evacuation efficiency and safety of coal mines under the disaster situation,based on the design standards of safety signs at home and abroad,the optimized design of emergency evacuation signs in coal mine under three disaster situations was discussed.The method of combining objective eye movement experiment with subjective questionnaire survey was adopted,on the basis of strict reference to domestic and foreign safety sign standards,the traditional safety signs were retained as the benchmark(styleⅠ),and two new types of emergency evacuation signs were innovatively designed:styleⅡ(integrating arrows,pictographic human patterns and text)and styleⅢ(including arrows,pictographic disaster patterns and text).The results show that styleⅡis significantly better than other designs in terms of the first fixation duration,and the data indicates that it takes the shortest time,and both the recognition and reaction speeds are the fastest.The original style(styleⅠ)and styleⅡare similar in terms of subjective recognition time,but both are significantly better than styleⅢ.When designing the emergency evacuation signs,the coal mine enterprises can give priority to the design scheme of styleⅡto improve the speed and safety of emergency evacuation.The research results can provide a direction for coal mine enterprises to optimize the design of emergency evacuation signs under disaster situations.The styleⅡwith pictographic human patterns is preferentially selected to improve the evacuation speed,guarantee and evacuation efficiency to help production.

关 键 词：煤矿 应急疏散标志 眼动实验 问卷调查 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]