清代笔记小说中的“缢鬼讨替”故事及其思想内蕴  

On the Stories of“Hanged Ghosts Seeking Replacement”in the Literary Sketches of the Qing Dynasty and Its Ideological Connotation

作　　者：李长玉 LI Changyu(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学文学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《江苏工程职业技术学院学报》2024年第4期55-60,共6页Journal of Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology

摘　　要：“缢鬼讨替”故事在清代笔记小说中出现频率高,“讨替”之说不仅是中华民俗文化中幽冥观念的外现,也折射出清人恶死悦生的生死观。清代笔记小说中的缢鬼按突出的形象特征可分为恶鬼、义鬼和怨鬼3类,具有艺术性的怨鬼是前代缢鬼故事中少见的类型,是明清小说艺术繁荣、写作水平提升的产物。缢鬼作祟时常使用幻形与虚设幻境的手段,是幻术母题在明清笔记小说中的集中体现。“缢鬼受阻”的情节凸显了清人面对鬼神强烈的自主意识和主宰自身命运的恳挚愿望,同时也显示出清代文人借小说以“神道设教”的撰文用意。The stories of hanged ghosts seeking replacements,frequently appearing in the literary sketches of the Qing Dynasty,not only convey the concept of the nether world in Chinese folk culture but also reflect people’s attitude toward life and death at that time-they wished to stay alive and hated to die.The hanged ghosts in such stories can be categorized into three types based on their prominent features:evil spirits,righteous spirits,and embittered spirits.Among these,embittered spirits,rarely depicted in similar stories of prior dynasties,arose from the flourishing of novels and the advancement of literary skills during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Illusion and fantasy land frequently serve as the methods through which the hanged ghosts haunt the human world,representing the fantasy motif prevalent in the literary sketches of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The plot in which the hanged ghosts experience frustration distinctly showcases the Qing people’s sense of self-determination when confronting ghosts,as well as their genuine desire to dominate their own destinies.Moreover,it reveals the literati’s writing intent to enlighten people through ghost stories.

关 键 词：清代 笔记小说 缢鬼讨替 思想内蕴 

分 类 号：I242.1[文学—中国文学]