激光增材制造镍基高温合金研究现状及展望  

Research developments and prospects of laser additive manufacturing in nickel-based superalloys

作　　者：马金超 刘纪德[1] 张志鹏 孔祥伟[2] 李金国[1] MA Jinchao;LIU Jide;ZHANG Zhipeng;KONG Xiangwei;LI Jinguo(Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,Liaoning,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,Liaoning,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [3]东北大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《金属加工(热加工)》2025年第2期1-11,共11页MW Metal Forming

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(NO.2020YFA0714900)。

摘　　要：激光增材制造作为一种能够将数据模型直接转化为构件的先进技术,在高温合金零部件的制造领域具有广阔的应用前景。从激光增材制造技术的基本原理与特点出发,介绍了其在镍基高温合金工程化应用中的现状及面临的问题。在此基础上,系统论述了增材用高温合金粉末材料的制备及优化策略、增材样品的微观组织特征以及裂纹缺陷的形成机理与控制方法。此外,围绕当前激光增材制造在高温合金领域面临的技术挑战,对其未来的发展方向进行了展望,旨在为相关领域的进一步发展提供参考和指导。Laser additive manufacturing,as an advanced technology that can directly convert data models into components,has great potential for application in the manufacturing of superalloy parts.This paper starts with the basic principles and characteristics of laser additive manufacturing technology and introduces its current status and problems in the engineering applications of nickel-based superalloys.On this basis,the study systematically discusses the preparation and optimization strategies of superalloy powder materials for additive manufacturing,the microstructural characteristics of additive-manufactured samples,and the formation mechanisms and control methods of crack defects.In addition,focusing on the technical challenges currently faced by laser additive manufacturing in the field of superalloys,the paper provides an outlook on its future development directions,aiming to provide reference and guidance for further advancements in related fields.

关 键 词：激光增材制造 镍基高温合金 粉末材料 微观组织 裂纹缺陷 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]